Blue Agave and Its Importance in the Tequila Industry :: Botany

Blue Agave and Its Importance in the Tequila IndustryTequila, North Americas first distilled spirit and first occupation alcohol, is known to most North Americans as a fiery beverage consumed during week long vacations in Mexico or by inebriated college students. Vast over-commercialization and misinformation concerning the increase obscures the economic importance of the Blue agave (Agave tequilana Weber) the tequila-making industry, and their place in Mexican history. There are 136 known species of agave, but only one is used to puddle tequila (2,p.4).During their exploration of the New World in the late 1400s and early 1500s, Spanish conquistadors discovered a fermented beverage called pulque that was produced by the Nahuatl. The Nahuatl are the original inhabitants of the area of westbound Mexico who primarily used pulque in religious ceremonies and for medicinal purposes in their culture. The primary ingredient in the fermentation process of pulque was the agave. As the earl y Spaniards ran out of brandy, they searched for a source of fermentable sugar for distilling. They experimented with the agave, which was abundant in the volcanic soils in the Sierra Madre region surrounding Guadalajara. The species that produced the most full-bodied taste was the Agave tequilana Weber, the docile agave or agave azul (1, p.1).In 1600, the first tequila factory was established by the father of tequila, Don Pedro Sanches de Tagle, Marquis of Altamira. Don Pedro also was the first to bring cultivation of the blue agave for distilling (2, p.2) and in 1636, Governor Don Juan Canseco y Quiones authorized the distillation and manufacture of mescal, in order to facilitate tax assembling on deed. However, Spanish rule suppressed tequila production and in 1785, the production of all native distilled spirits was banned. In 1792, the ban was lifted but tequila production did not flourish again until Mexican independence in 1821. In the early to mid 1800s, many tequila dist illers began large-scale production. Some businesses eventually failed but twain of the largest are still in business today. The first licensed manufacturer was Jose Antonio Cuervo who began cultivation in 1758. His Casa Cuervo proved very profitable. By the mid-1800s, his families fields had more than 3 million agave plants. Cuervo was also the first distiller to put tequila into bottles. Today Cuervo is the largest manufacturer of tequila, with a huge export market. In 1873, another major distiller, Don Cenobio Sauza, acquired La Antigua, a company founded in the early 1820s.

Causes of World War One :: essays research papers

Because That Guy Got ShotThere is a lot of speculation as to which event of the nineteen hundreds led to the out break of World War One. Many mickle tend to say Because that guy got shot. Still others have diabolic everything from increased Nationalism and Imperialism in Hungary to Militarism in Russia. If one had to answer the question What was the cause of World War One, the answer would be all of the above, and more. The events from June of 1914 through dreadful of 1914 can be described as a classic case of one thing led to another. The chain of events starts with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Many people tend to confuse this first part in the chain of events as the total cause of World War One, just now that is not the case. The assassination is but a mere trigger of a domino effect. The assassination immediately led to Imperialism of Austria-Hungary over Serbia. It was demanded that Serbia allow the assassins to be released to be punished adequately by Aust ria-Hungary. Austria-Hungary immediately sought an ally with Germany, assuming war would follow after their demands of Serbia. Austria-Hungary and Germany declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.The declarations of war were chain reactions in themselves. In defense because of war looking like a major possibility, Russia began militarizing. Germany saw Russias Militarism as a threat. War was declared from Germany on Russia. France was in a treaty with Russia and therefore against Austria-Hungary and Germany. Britain entered the war as an ally with France and to protect Belgium. Britains entrance gained the resources of all of the British colonies an territories as well. Many other countries eventually entered during the war because of threats. However, the above is the direct chain of events that caused World War One.

Lucian Freud Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Art Artist Painter Essays

Lucian FreudFreud, Lucian (1922- ). German-born British painter. He was born inBerlin, a grandson of Sigmund Freud, came to England with his parentsin 1931, and acquired British nationality in 1939. His earliest lovewas drawing, and he began to reckon full prison term as an artist after beinginvalided out of the Merchant Navy in 1942. In 1951 his Interior atPaddington (Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool) won a rate at the Festivalof Britain, and since then he has built up a formidable reputation asone of the most powerful present-day(a) analogical painters. Portraitsand nudes are his specialities, often observed in arresting close-up.His early work was meticulously painted, so he has sometimes beendescribed as a Realist (or instead absurdly as a Superrealist), butthe subjectivity and intensity of his work has always set him apartfrom the sober tradition characteristic of most British figurative artsince the Second World War. In his later work (from the late 1950s)his handling became such(prenominal) broader.Normally I underplay facial thoughtfulness when painting the figure,because I want expression to emerge through the body. I used to doonly heads, but came to feel that I relied too much on the face. Iwant the head, as it were, to be more like another limb.- Lucian FreudFreud was born in Berlin in December 1922, and came to England withhis family in 1933. He analyze briefly at the Central School of Art inLondon and, to more effect, at Cedric Morriss East Anglian School ofPainting and Drawing in Dedham. adjacent this, he served as amerchant seaman in an Atlantic convoy in 1941. His first soloexhibition, in 1944 at the Lefevre Gallery, featured the straightcelebrated The Painters Room 1944. In the s... ...h seeing. His attempt to demystify the human formwhilst recording the stories of his subjects marks a significantstance against the vacuity of much of contemporary art, which refusesto acknowledge even the existence of such stories and glorifies onlythe visible form. Even though he does not explore those stories, thefact that Freud records their presence within his subjects makes hiswork compellingly humane.My work is purely autobiographical,...It is about myself and mysurroundings. I work from people that interest me and that I careabout, in rooms that I know... When I look at a body it gives mechoice of what to put in a painting, what will suit me and what wont.There is a distinction between fact and truth. Truth has an share ofrevelation about it. If something is true, it does more than strikeone as merely being so. - Lucian Freud

Literary Theory And African Am :: essays research papers

Race is defined as one group of the populations constituting humanity. (Coon 62)Since the 1970s, the inference has been stated that race is a social, cultural and political concept based largely on superficial appearances. The notion of race is so emotionally charged that objective discussion of its significance in relation to social problems is extremely difficult. There are three theories that charter been very significant in re-defining the marches race throughout their composition. This essay attempts to define the current North American concept of race among the African American culture and other racial notions that have been created throughout the configuration of the Post-Modernist, Feminist and Post-Colonial theories. Post-Modernism is a complicated term, one that has only emerged as an area of study since the mid-1980s. Post-Modernism, by its very nature, is virtually undoable to come up with one single definition, though, Post-Modernism in its totality is the movement in arts, music, literature and drama which rejected the past Victorian ideas of innovational. The movement contributed to the realization that art has no single meaning and overturned the problems with culture and language boundaries that cut away at arts meaning, cost and truth. Today, the state of mind of the human world is called Post-Modernism, since it is a multi-cultural era. Racial Post-Modernism calls attention to those understandings that are shared across the boundaries of class, gender and race. To take racism seriously, one must(prenominal) consider the plight of the underclass plurality of color, a vast majority of whom is black. For African Americans Post-Modern conditions have been and are characterized by continued displacement and despondency. There is increase class division and differentiation, creating a significant black middle-class concerned with racism to the degree that is poses constraints on upward social mobility. However, this is also building a vas t and growing black underclass that embodies a kind of walking rejection that manifests pervasive drug addiction, alcohol abuse, homicide and suicide. (Biddiss 17). Now, because of de-industrialization, we also have a devastated black industrial working class. I am referring to a sentiment of tremendous hopelessness. Very few African American intellectuals have talked, or written, about Post-Modernism. In J.F. Loytards book the Post-Modern Condition, he confronts the lack of recognition of black presence that much Post-Modernist theory reinscribes and the resistance on the part of most black people to hearing about real connections between Post-Modernism and black experience.

Essay --

SolutionWPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) based on the IEEE 802.11i standard is an improvement to the 802.11 standard that specifying security mechanisms for wireless networks. On June 24th, 2004, this standard been uses to replaces the previous security specifications, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which was shown to have severe security weaknesses. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) had previously been introduced as a source to WEP insecurities. WPA implemented only a subset of IEEE 802.11i. WPA2 makes use of a specific mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) known as the Counter Mode account Block Chaining-Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) protocol (CCMP). CCMP provides both data confidentiality (encryption) and data integrity. The use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a much secure preference to the RC4 stream cipher used by WEP and WPA.802.11 Security solutionWEPWPAWPA2CipherRC4RC4AESKey surface40 bits128 bits encryption 64 bits assay-mark128 bitsIV Siz e24 bits48 bits48 bitsData IntegrityCRC-32MichaelCCMHeader IntegrityNoneMichaelCCMReplay AttackNoneIV placeIV SequenceKey ManagementNoneEAP-BasedEAP-BasedWPA2 AuthenticationOne of the major changes introduced with the WPA2 standard is the separation of user authentication from the enforcement of message integrity and privacy, thereby providing a much scalable and robust security architecture suitable to home networks or corporate networks with equal prowess. Authentication in the WPA2 Personal mode, which does not require an authentication server, is performed between the client and the AP generating a 256-bit PSK from a plain-text pass phrase (from 8 to 63 characters). The PSK in conjunction with th... ...sed VPN offers high network throughput, better performance and more reliability, since there is no processor overhead. However, it is also more expensive. 3. A software-based VPN provides the most flexibility in how traffic is managed. This type is suitable when VPN endpoints a re not controlled by the same party, and where different firewalls and routers are used. It bay window be used with hardware encryption accelerators to enhance performance. 4. An SSL VPN (Secure Sockets Layer virtual private network) is a form of VPN that can be used with a standard Web browser. In contrast to the traditional Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) VPN, an SSL VPN does not require the installation of specialise client software on the end users computer. Its used to give remote users with access to Web applications, client/server applications and internal network connections.

Essay --

SolutionWPA2 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) based on the IEEE 802.11i beat is an improvement to the 802.11 standard that specifying security mechanisms for wireless meshs. On June 24th, 2004, this standard been uses to replaces the previous security specifications, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), which was shown to have severe security weaknesses. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) had previously been introduced as a solution to WEP insecurities. WPA implemented only a subset of IEEE 802.11i. WPA2 makes use of a specific mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) known as the Counter Mode Cipher Block Chaining-Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC) protocol (CCMP). CCMP provides both data confidentiality (encryption) and data justice. The use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a more secure alternative to the RC4 stream cipher used by WEP and WPA.802.11 Security solutionWEPWPAWPA2CipherRC4RC4AESKey Size40 bits128 bits encryption 64 bits authentication128 bitsIV Size24 bit s48 bits48 bitsData IntegrityCRC-32MichaelCCMHeader IntegrityNoneMichaelCCMReplay AttackNoneIV SequenceIV SequenceKey ManagementNoneEAP-BasedEAP-BasedWPA2 AuthenticationOne of the major changes introduced with the WPA2 standard is the separation of user authentication from the enforcement of message integrity and privacy, thereby providing a more scalable and robust security architecture sufficient to home networks or corporate networks with equal prowess. Authentication in the WPA2 individual(prenominal) mode, which does non require an authentication server, is performed between the client and the AP generating a 256-bit PSK from a plain-text pass phrase (from 8 to 63 characters). The PSK in conjunction with th... ...sed VPN offers high network throughput, better performance and more reliability, since there is no processor overhead. However, it is also more expensive. 3. A software-based VPN provides the most flexibility in how traffic is managed. This type is suitable when VP N endpoints are not controlled by the same party, and where different firewalls and routers are used. It can be used with hardware encryption accelerators to enhance performance. 4. An SSL VPN (Secure Sockets Layer virtual snobby network) is a form of VPN that can be used with a standard Web browser. In contrast to the traditional Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) VPN, an SSL VPN does not require the installation of specialized client software on the end users computer. Its used to give remote users with access to Web applications, client/server applications and midland network connections.

Novel “Asturias” Essay

Celebrity and fame dont affect all relationships equally some individuals relationships are positively affected eyepatch others are affected contradictly. Some individuals are easily influenced by fame and let it influence their relationships. Brain Caswell describeings these mentations in the novel Asturias in the novel it is nigh a group being formed to make music and to make it in the world of fames. The song by Ed Sheerans You Need Me is about the vocalist ready to enter fame and is determined to make it. The trailer for Almost Famous is about a boy ente rebound a new world rise of celebrities.Asturias explores how fame can affect a celebritys relation both positively and negatively. In Asturias fame creates opportunities for individuals to form new relations or enhance ageing stars. Max desire to, assemble a band. With image and substance reveals how fame gives the group members (Alex, Chrissie, Marco, Tasha and Tim) opportunity to meet each other and form new relatio nships. This idea also highlights Tims observation how, you father more fri finales than ever when you become known. Celebrities have more fans and meet more celebrities of which they have idolised. It affects their relations towards the band members in their group. Ed Sheerans song You need me, also shows how fame can give more opportunities and exceed in life through with(predicate) the use of metaphor in the line more greener pastures.Likewise the trailer for almost famous also pays the notion that fame can create new relationships as the main character is introduced to stone stars and befriends them. This is emphasised when the main character is shown in a mid shot at the startle of the trailer. With an upbeat song playing in the background spotlight his vulnerability and how he is starting the journey to fame. This vulnerable shot contrast with later shots where he is singing with the band members in their bus showing that his coupled their group. Fame may create opportu nities however it can put strains in relationships.Fame can create opportunities for forming new relationships or enhancing old relationships, in the trailer almost famous it shows the main character in a mid shot with an up beat song playing in the background showing his vulnerability and pencil lead on through the trailer he starts his journey tofame. He starts to experience the ride that everyone dreams for. These relations are affect by fame because they shown they are alone and they baffle to make new friends such as rock stars and celebrities and they being to have friendships with. In the line by Ed Sheeran, move to greener pastures, he uses metaphor to show that he wants to go far and exceed in life. Fame gives him more opportunities to exceed in life and it brings new opportunities in his life. Also in Asturias the line you have more friends then ever, it shows how there are also new people entering in your life. New relationships are made and fame gives them these oppor tunities. Lastly fame gives you the dream. Its a clich it gives you the opportunity to exceed in life and try new things and do the thing you love.Fame puts strain on old relationships epically with friends and family or can make it difficult to make new (real) friends. Such as in almost famous rock starts have steeled my son, the imagery of fame taking away her son, it affects the mums and sons relationship negatively because her son is to caught up on all the glitz and glamor. The mum knows these people are fake and dont really care about the son. It also puts a strain in the mums and son relationship as the mother is loosing her son and they are distant. In relation, in Asturias the motif of the brass ring communicates the idea that fame and celebrity is not what it looks like it seems perfect and it everything you imagine it is gold in our eyes. Marcos lay downs this when his dad wants to come back into the picture again, his dad unspoilt wants his money and doesnt want him fo r all the other things.Marcos relations ship is like the brass ring. It looks like gold when his dad wants him but he starts to realise that his dads just brass and the idea of him really wanting to know him was an illusion. Brian Caswell outlines that fame has a positive and negative aspects as evident in the line, with one hand it gives you the dream, with the other it takes a subtle payment, where juxtaposition and imagery displays how fame is not always beneficial and always has a price. It shows how it can affect the relationships with your family and friends. You start to feel disconnected but you are making new friends however these friends may be untrustworthy and wont be theyre when you immobilize up. As you see fame has influenced these relationships in a negatively way.Keeping relationships intact while being famous requires hard work and a good support system plus you need to stay connected to the real world. In the song, You Need Me by Ed Sheeran in the line, from day one Ive been watchful, the composer shows that hes ready to entre fame, hes ready to live the modus vivendi of socialising, paparazzi, criticism and fake friends. He is ready to live in that negative environment which may affect his relation towards him self. Also in this line the rhythm is fast and up beat, hes also rapping he uses this to show that fame is constantly fast you got to keep in track and your constantly have to keep putting yourself out their until you make it. In the line, the light at the end of the tunnel was beginning to look less and less like an on-coming train. Brian Caswell does this to show how their seems to be more hope and that the dream can actually happen, through the use of illusion. It shows how fame affected the groups relationship positively because they had a good support system and they stay connected to the their family and friends.Fame affects relationships by changing their lifestyle and world. It changes their lifestyle and world because new p eople entre your life such as fans. You loose your close friends because fame start to take over your life and usually your friends interpret remember me when youre famous, because they know their going to loose you. You have a new status to live up to and you have are more confine with your life. Your lifestyle change to glamorous fast paced, luxurious and wealthy. Your confidence grows and you are also placed in a new environment that surrounds you with expectations and partying and drugs and alcohol.In certainty celebrity and fame can affects relations based on the person and the relationships on the others. Fame can affect them on the way they think about life by achieving their goals and knowing that anything can happen. However it also can impact their life by changing it around and influencing them to a false world and change their total persona on life. Celebrity and fame can impact many relations it all depends on the individual and the way they look on to fame.

Issues of Product Costing Essay

The topic states that is product costing important for virtual organisations that are outsourcing their deed operations. Virtual organisations are those corporation that operate in the world of e-business or e-commerce. A virtual organisation can be defined as calm of several business partners sharing costs and resources for the purpose of producing a product or function can be temporary or it can be permanent.Each partner contributes complementary resources that reflect its strengths, and determines its role in the virtual corporation Turban, E. , McLean, E. and Wetherbe J. (1999) randomness Technology for Management. 2nd Ed. The key characteristic of the virtual organisations is it index to change in a rapid and adaptable response to changing markets whether these arise as a result of globalisation, changing cost structures, changing node needs and wants, or other similar reasons. The needs and requirements of virtual organisations require that each employee have the dexterit ys to contribute directly to the value chain of product and service design, production, marketing and distribution, thus contributing directly to the bottom line.Virtual Organisations are at simplicity with the initiative of porous and changing organisational limitations, changing their skills and skill levels through outsourcing and alliances. It is an organisation that has a low cost, high response, effective in utilisation of resources, empowerment of staff, low level of bureaucracy and high combination of Information Technology to support business processes and knowledge workers.Some examples of cyberspace organisation are Amazon. om and Ebay. com that operate its business activity through the Internet. Outsourcing is the process of purchasing goods and service from outside vendors rather than producing the same goods or providing the same services within the organisation. The single most important strategic reason for outsourcing is to reduce or tally operating costs. In an Ou tsourcing Institute survey, companies reported an average 9% reduction.

My Husband’s Lover

My Husbands fan is a Filipino drama television series created and developed by Suzette Doctolero and produced by GMA Network. It premiered on June 10, 2013 on the networks coveted Primetime block. The series stars Carla Abellana, Tom Rodriguez and Dennis Trillo as the main characters. Carolyn Galve serves as the executive producer of show and Dominic Zapata directed the series. It is credited as the truly root gay-themed series in Philippine television due to the series central subject of homosexual relationships and infidelity.The show has multiple continuing story lines that tackle sensitive tho relevant social issues like homosexual and bisexual relationships, homophobia and the societys discrimination against homosexuals, infidelity, pre-marital sex and the consequences of early or unplanned marriages. It in addition tackles the importance of family, friendship, integrity and love. Vincent Soriano (Tom Rodriguez) got his girlfriend lally column Agatep (Carla Abellana) pregn ant while they were still in college.So they decided to get married even if the two of them were not ready for the responsibility and Vincents mother Elaine was very much against it. Thus Lallys married life was never smooth-sailing because of Elaine. But for the love for her husband, Lally endures the hardships in dealing with her mother-in-law. However, when Lally got pregnant on their second child, Vincent short became distant and cold towards her. Lally felt that Vincent was being unfair to her so she decided to leave together with their children.Vincent loves his kids so much, so he tried to take in back his wife by proposing and this time getting married again with a blessing from the church. Unknown to Lally, Vincent is keeping a secret from her it is also a secret he has kept from everyone else ever since he was young. Vincent was a closeted homosexual man who never planned to come out because he was afraid that itll abrogate his family. However, everything changed when h e crosses paths with Eric del Mundo (Dennis Trillo) again his greatest love. Unlike Vincent, Eric is openly gay. But, merely like Vincent, he still is in love with him.Eventually, the two men start an part and Vincent tries to hide the affair from Lally by showering her with gifts and attention. However, Lallys intuition tells her that something is wrong even though everything in her married life seems fine. Thats when she starts to investigate and she eventually learns of Vincents darkest secret. II. Audience answer My reception Well, at first I didnt like the idea of My Husbands Lover because Im not a homosexual, and I dont like homosexuals too, so I didnt watch the Pilot Episodes of My Husbands Lover.But then, my Mom used to watched television after work, it just so happens that she turned the channel to channel 7 (GMA) and the show was My Husbands Lover, she watched for a few minutes, after the show she got attracted by the story. She goes by everyday watching the show. I h ave no choice alone to watch too, since we only have one television and I have cipher to do. The shows story is good as it is. I just dont like the theme of the show which is about homosexuals. But by watching it every day, I came to like the show. I even got excited when Lally is about to discover her husbands secret.I think I liked the show because of the professionalism of the actors, and the moral lesson given to us by the story itself. There are many moral lessons in this story you just drive to dig deep into the words spoken by the actors. B. Others reception Interviewee Maria Aileen Icay She said, For the past few days, this drama has been consistently topping the trends and even the ratings despite its out-of-the-way story concept. This drama has taken our country by storm. We define it along with the veterans in the Philippine entertainment industry as Phenomenal. This drama that Im so proud of for is the most talked-aboutMy Husbands Lover.Primarily its because this dra ma is a gem For a drama caramel like me, this drama has set the bar higher for upcoming Philippine dramas and is a history in itself. This is the first drama that tackles same-sex relationship in a very realistic manner. Aside from that, the family issues this drama portrays are something that most of us lavatory empathize with or can even relate to. Its just sad that some people refrain from watching this masterpiece just because they are a fan of the rival network or theyre a Roman Catholic or they are against same-sex relationships. Interviewee Gia Francia Leron She said, I just love this drama because everything is very well executed. The story, script, acting and cinematography. No drama is perfect but this is by far the best Filipino drama Ive ever seen in my watching experience Interviewee John Kenneth Sarampote He said, What makes My Husbands Lover such an extraordinary and groundbreaking drama is the fact that it defies standards. We see Vincent and Eric, all masculine an d manly, identify themselves as gay men. We see that their relationship is rooted on love and not on monetary co-dependence.We see that there are many layers of characters that define a gay man. We see two gay men struggle prejudice that pushes them to loathe themselves and hide who they really are. We see that all people, no matter what gender, struggle in their own way. Interviewee John Paul Luis He said, Ive never been a Kapuso viewer actually. I liked the show even before it aired on television because of the theme, the theme song, the story. Everything. I also liked the show because I can relate to Vincent (Tom Rodriguez) especially on his life, the part wherein he hides his real identity just because his father is a retired general.I envy Eric (Dennis Trillo) because of the acceptance of his mom that he is Gay and her mom is just okay with it. I pity Lally (Carla Abellana) because right from the start, Vincent had been lying to her. What I can only say is that this show made me cry. All of the emotions are already here. Interviewee Maurice Kim Lim He said, What makes My Husbands Lover unique is its central struggle that of a wife witnessing the disintegration of her marriage with her closeted gay husband, whose failure to come to terms with his homosexuality gives Filipinos a venue to discuss pressing LGBT issues.

Malaria in Nigeria Essay

Malaria is one of the devastating cases in the world, It has become a major bother because its bed coveringing in 109 countries. Al approximately 90% of malaria death comes from Africa, around 66% of the peoples lives are in high risk. So in total, little(prenominal) than 15% of the global total malaria deaths occur in Asia and Eastern Europe. (author)Why is malaria breakneck?Malaria in humans is caused by many types of parasites but the most dangerous and the one that causes 90% of deaths around the world from malaria is plasmodium falciparum. This parasite is the most dangerous one because it affects the behavior of the red blood cells, Red blood cells spawn infected by the parasite and become sticky and it becomes impossible to pass through our body organs so they get stuck. This female genitalia result to make headway complications. When this happens inside the brain, it results to coma or even death. (Q&A)How do people in Nigeria try to prevent malaria?There isnt any cure for malaria yet, it can lone(prenominal) be preventedIn my own opinion, I think malaria could be prevented by distributing treated bed nets, treating water drinking it, avoiding stagnant water.Malaria prevention is crucial as malaria can be fatal. Prevention is better than cure and involves killing the mosquitos and also repelling them. Prophylactic drugs Several drugs, most of which are used for treatment of malaria, can be taken preventively. Generally, these drugs are taken daily or weekly, at a lower dose than would be used for treatment of a soul who had actually contracted the disease. Use of prophylactic drugs is seldom practical for full time residents of malaria-endemic areas. Prevention of malaria involves protecting yourself against mosquito bites and taking ant malarial medicines. But familiar health officials strongly recommend that children and pregnant women avoid going to areas where malaria is common. (WebMD) Malaria is a serious disease, which in the worst case may be fatal. Its widespread in tropical and subtropical areas.Some ways which malaria can be prevented* Avoid mosquito bites mosquitoes bite particularly at twilight and at night, so you should take most precautions at this time. Spray your room with an insect powder before to kill any mosquitoes that has go inside during the day. Otherwise use a mosquito net around your bed, impregnated with an insecticide such as pyrethrum. * Long trousers, long sleeve clothing and socks thick enough to stop the mosquitoes biting will also protect you and should be emaciated outside after sunset but it may be hard to follow such advice in hot climate. Light colors are less attractive to mosquitoes Preventive medicines should be given to breastfed, as well as bottlefed, babies because theyre not protected by the mothers medicine transitory into the breast milk. Its important to check with your pharmacist or doctor regarding the correct doses for children aged 12 years or under.Pregnant women ar e discouraged by the WHO from travelling to malria regions whre theres cloroquine-resistant falcipaium malaria because malaria increases the risk of abortion, premature birth , still birth and maternal death. Just as for children an extra effort should be make to protect your self from mosquito and malaria if youre obliged to travel. (nil) Insecticide-treated bed nets may be low-tech, but they are a highly effective way to prevent the spread of malaria. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, widespread use of treated bed nets has been shown to reduce transmission of the disease by about 90 percent. But the netswhich speak to several dollars eachmay be difficult to come by or too costly for those who need them most. Reapplication of pyrethroid insecticide at the recommended intervals of 6 to 12 months can also pose problems with older nets.BibiliographyNo author. Stop Malaria Now secret code Nil 2008. 21 November 2012 . Bibliographyauthor, No. Stop Malari a Now Nil Nil 2008. 21 November 2012 . nil. Netdoctor. nil nil nil. 01 november 2012 . Nil. The Lagos State- Malaria Control Program. Nil Nil 2012. 22 November 2012

Kindred: A neo-slave narrative Essay

Often, man resorts to story-telling as a way of reconciling with a formidable misfortune in the past. By re-telling the story to anformer(a) party, he comes to accept that this is a reality to be faced. He realizes that acceptance, rather than denial, is the best way of going near this trouble. Aside from the rehabilitating ability of story-telling with its contri barelyory effect in dealing with a painful memory, others simply do this as a way of remembering.Concretizing the past as a piece of lit sequenceture would ensure that the incident would not just be buried in the recesses of the memory that it would be kept alive and the nisus and suffering would not be without significance. In this light, it would come clear for readers how and why the proliferation and the presence of buckle d experience narratives came about. One may think that with the end of the painful era of buckle downry, all dialogues and discussion about the subject would also desist. For the African-American slaves and their descendants, this was not the case.The words of Robert Crossley of the University of Massachusetts rerated the thought First-person American slave narratives should have ceased being indite when the last American citizen born into institutionalized slavery died. But the literary form has persisted, just as the legacy of slavery has persisted, into the present. To be more specific, the rescue and popularization of the slave narratives started in the nineteenth century. James Olney stated that each narrative a unique production as an register, and is not every autobiography the unique tale, uniquely told, of a unique life? (148). Therefore, the uniqueness of each narrative from the others is a trait of this musical genre, as it narrates the experiences of the writers which are unique to anothers. However, certain(a) characteristics are evidently similar in the work to be considered a part of the genre. For one thing, it has to tell the story of a black slaves struggle for literacy and freedom, while testifying against the peculiar institution/ which in practice meant human bondage and humiliation (Gates, Introduction ix).By the second half of the twentieth century, a sub-genre of the slave narrative has arisen called the neo-slave narrative, it is a fictional mutation of the slave narratives of nineteenth-century Americans (Crossley). This sub-set of the slave narrative genre is very similar with its umbrella genre in the signified that it presents personal accounts of slavery. However, the difference lies in the choice of the author to fictionalize hold outing accounts, and not his own personal experiences.The authors base the structure of their fictional work on the oral histories and existing slave narratives to drop sure that the story would still echo true events in the historical sense. The birth of this sub-set of the slave narrative genre may be attributed to the void that it fills, or attempts to fill. Anita Wholuba in her pa per said that the chasm which is attempted to be explored and filled is the ironic presence of silence in slave narratives, despite of the voice earned by the slave narrative writers.Wholuba said that while a significant number of scholars have established that certain silences exist in the traditional narrative of history, neo-slave narrative authors have committed themselves to the task of identifying and sounding those silences where the representation of the American slavery era is concerned. A bracing coroneted Kindred, penned by Octavia Butler, is among the body of neo-slave narratives published in the last century. It was published in the year 1979, and speaks of an African-American womans sojourns to the past.The character Dana, lives in contemporary California, but is transported back in time to the antebellum South. In her involuntary travels to the past, she understands how difficult the situation for people before her ancestors actually was. As I was reading Kindred, I had the initial impression that it was just to be appreciated for its science fiction values. Although the science element in this novel was not so much as it was felt in other novels from the same genre, her meshing of science fiction and history was an innovation that should be noted and lauded.In any case, what caught my attention more was the similarity Kindred has with other novels we have read subsequently in the class, which were the Narrative of the Life of Frederic Douglass, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Up from Slavery. Evidently, in that respect were characteristics of a slave narrative in the novel Kindred. However, the text didnt meet the five criteria for it to be called a slave narrative, the genre which the other whole caboodle fell under. As Kindred is a work of fiction, it would naturally be categorized as a neo slave narrative, a model I came to be familiar with after research.Kindred as a neo-slave narrative With the plot and simple and direct l anguage employed by Butler, Kindred could not be missed as a neo-slave narrative. Characters that are actual African-American slaves and Caucasian American masters and violence inflicted on slaves are presented in the novel. On a deeper sense, on the other hand, the novel follows the same pattern present in other slave narratives. Wholuba in the same paper added that although the text refers to other slave narratives such as the work written by Douglass, in an effort to explore existing themes, the novel still manages to introduce clean themes.The new themes that this novel presented, according to Wholuba still, include a more blunt analysis and depiction of the slaves struggle for sexual autonomy, the experience of middle passage, and the concept of memory. As was mentioned, the novel Kindred follows the typical pattern for a slave narrative, and this will be the thesis of the paper. It will attempt to discuss and prove the characteristics of a slave narrative present in Butlers popular piece of art. Another writer mentioned some of the other patterns commonly found in neo-slave narratives.Lysik mentioned in her essay that neo-slave narratives portrayed the vital slave culture in a positive light as it could serve as a intend of surviving the brutal reality they are subjected to (Lysik). What this implicates is that the writers of the neo-slave narratives provide a new perspective in terms of viewing the arduous tasks and obligations slaves have to fulfill. Most authors instal how slaves then turn this otherwise appalling condition to something that they could actually seek refuge in.First and foremost, the novel carried a prefatory statement by a person from Caucasian American race attesting to the authenticity of the author. The second criterion which has to be satisfied is the movement from slavery to freedom. Kindred has been classified under slave narratives by critics as leans toward the freedom narrative category. This concept will be further discu ssed in the following paragraphs. Aside from this, the most obvious criterion which the novel has to satisfy is that the story should portray the physical, emotional, and spiritual deprivation of slavery.Kindred, undeniably, does not fall short on this end. As the journey through time and space allows Dana to observe the events during the period of slavery firsthand, the novel is rich with narration regarding the struggles of the African-American slaves. Through Danas experiences, the tales of the different forms of deprivation and coercion were regaled to the readers. James and his contemporaries talked of this in a paper, saying that many forms of violence and intimidation were observed to be used to maintain white dominance in the slave economy through the look of the character of Dana.These preservation measures, so to speak, included the sexual violence against black women that was common during slavery, the assault on black families, the difficult choices that black people w ere compelled to make in acts of love, survival, and resistance, and the outcomes of internalized oppression (James, et. al). A specific scene in the novel would be that time when Dana personally witnessed the beating of a slave. The slave was hunted by white patrollers because of a crime that would seem absurd for people of the modern times the slave was found spending time with his wife in their own bedroom without the slave masters permission.

Evaluate the Foodservice Operation Essay

As time passes by, plurality were expecting also an improvement in the way pagan institutions would like to display what they got. If you puzzle gone to a museum once, or other ethnic institutions, you would probably go back some other time due to the liking in the place and its content. However, an expectation of visualizeking new experiences would probably be born onto you. Cultural institutions have been making many improvements and developments for the people fancying the place. Such improvements and developments argon through exhibits, experiences, facilities, amenities, and many to a greater extent.Together with the improvements is the sustenance service. The fact that people ar now becoming aware of the victuals trends which are probably seen in the tv set and the styles of serving and preparations of foods, the need for the improvement of the food service in this cultural institution is a must. Look at this would anyone have much interest to go to the cafeteria in basement or in any place in the museum, having an old-fashioned theme, heading in a dark path? Someone big businessman lose his/her appetite.Food service trading trading operations, such as having cafeterias, food courts and in any other form inside of the cultural institutions, enhance the satisfaction of the people who visits the place. In addition to that, it eject also produce excess revenue for the institution and made the entire facility a place to go. Imagine, someone had to walk for a long time to see the cultural institutions have to show. Then the time he/she would be thinking of rest, he/she canful then go to the cafeteria and have a rest while recharging his energy through eating.This is how Andy Zakrajsek explains how foodservice operations are important in such cultural institutions. He is the current director or retail businesses and the passenger car of the Brain Food Court together with the other operations regarding foodservice at the Museum of apprehensio n & Industry (Levin, 2006). Food Service delegating A place to rest and unwind The main mission of having a food service operation in a cultural institution is to submit time for the people visiting their place a time to recharge, say after an 8-hour tiring strolling looking on what the place have to offer .A need for nourishment can be given by these food service facilities. Another thing is to give time for the visitors to sit beside their friends and families, while enjoying the charming scene of the place. Through this, visitors then have the opportunity to unwind and take some rest for the next hour/s going back to see more of the exhibits present on the place. To generate additional revenues Not only on the outside or special occasions are catering on the play. At the Museum of Science & Industry, there are also special events celebrated with which catering services held by the Brain Food Court under Andy Zakrajsek are on the roll.This catering on special events was conside red to be one of the activities which generate a large amount of revenues. The museum and all other cultural institutions were designed to have a large area for special events and gathering such as large lobbies, atriums, amphitheaters, etc However, there is also a need for spacious places inside the cultural institutions this is in addition to the accommodations needed for the gathering, but also the need for the foodservice preparations.Considering the costs of the foodservice preparations, having a place inside the cultural institution as the preparation area, result costs lesser than renting a place to takeover or a catering service outside, while earning greater profit. Must Adapt to Changes at that place are also called peak seasons and valley seasons on the museum. The number of visitors may vary from day-to-day or from season-to-season. For example, there can be thousands more of visitors which comes to visit the museum during summer, and by a hundred during winter (Johns, 2006).Due to this seasons of change, the foodservice must be adaptive to this kind of situation. The foodservice then must be flexile. Since there would be a large number to serve during warmer days, the foodservice operation must also consider the safety, but still must be in streamlined manner. And in cold winter days, there must be an operation that shall consider the minimal staffing to lower the expenses. Andy Zakrajsek had thought of this problem and had also find dissolving agent to resolve this problem regarding the peaks and valleys.He said that having equipments and designs of the facilities which are flexible should be the best solution for a cafeteria and other foodservice facilities. The museum had undergone major renovations on their designs to adapt with the changes in numbers of guests that will arrive. Considering the case that occurs during cold winter days with which only a few numbers of guests arrives at the museum. The application of these flexible equipmen ts and facilities can be seen such as shutting down of some of the stations allocated for readying.Doing this will lessen the costs for the amenities, and also to reduce some staffs. The need for an exceedingly flexible equipments and facilities is a must in order for the foodservice operations to handle the changes with regards to the numbers of crowds and the changing food trends. To Look Great while being Durable The food court and cafeterias are the one responsible for the foodservice operations. Together with other facilities and areas in the museum, the food court and cafeterias must also look really good as elaborated by Andy Zakrajsek.The museums food courts and cafeterias have been visited by a million and a half of visitors every year, many of them were kids. In addition to the foodservice operations, the manager of the foodservice operations had included in the food courts and cafeterias some carts, strollers and backpacks having buckles (Levin, 2006). This will make it easier for visitors to handle their kids, and for the place to be in control and in stillness. But these additional equipments must also be durable through time. There had been some changes together with the major renovations, on the floors and walls of the food courts and cafeterias.The food court and cafeterias floors were replaced by stain-proof and scratch-proof floorings while still having a nice design. As Andy Zakrajsek explained, they needed an industrial-level of surface materials while still giving an interesting look and designs. Educational Purpose one of the major purposes of the cultural institutions was to educate. Foodservice operations also included this purpose on their operations. There is a ledge purposely designed in front of the pizza and grill stations of the museum. This is made so that children can step onto it so that they can see and observe the cooks while working.The window protectors which divide the stations for cooking and the customers area were mad e of clear glasses which are in lower position relative to the customers view. This is an intended work so that the visitors can make a better look at the cooking and food preparation. Is it profitable? The manager of the Brain Food Court and the other foodservice operations of the Museum of Science & Industry, Andy Zakrajsek, had focused on two things. They made critical and complete evaluations on the foodservice operations. They had evaluated the department for the special events of the museum.The first thing they evaluated are the following how it functions how the food courts, cafeterias and foodservice operations connected to the museum and how will it serve the guests and had also evaluated the quality of the management used and the staffs of the foodservice operation. The second thing they did is reviewing the catering program. The purpose of this is a way easy, the optimization of the income that the museum can earn. After the evaluations and reviews done, they made improve ment and developments regarding the concerns stated above.The result is that the net income of the museum had increased up to 250% within five years (Greenbaum, 2004). What makes foodservice profitable is that it enhances the cultural institutions overall purpose, having cafeterias and food courts, catering and other special events and foodservices, make the increase in the number of visitors in the museum, this is the main supporting evidence how foodservice operations make the institution more profitable. As stated by the by Andy Zakrajsek, the catering on the special events held at the museum was considered one of the activities which generates a large amount of revenues.Conclusion The importance of the foodservice operations in cultural institution is extremely high. Thus, this implies that the planning about the foodservice operations must be included on the design process of every cultural institution. Summing it up, there is a critical role played by the foodservice operation s in a cultural institution, and planning it up early and having it is one of the measures of supremacy of the institution. Foodservice operations are responsible for the enhancements of the institution, which controls the increases the number of visitors, in which it brings huge revenues to the institution.

Core Ideas Of Liberalism and Conservatism

Struggle between liberal and unprogressive tendencies is, perhaps, the key element for sympathy the political life of the west in the last three centuries. So, in value to understand this struggle one needs to understand what are the pump ideas of liberalism and conservatism. This paper aims to investigate some of the most prominent example of liberal and conservative political thought.The first basic ideas of liberalism have been explained by John Locke, who explained that fling had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such(prenominal) authority everyplace his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended (1. 84). Later the state of natural freedom has been replaced by different forms of unjust oppression, and freedom can be restored only by obligation of free individuals making a civil society. In the world of monarchism this idea sounded revolutionary, but was still far from practical application.Liberal concepts gained mu ch popularity between the trigger Fathers of the United States, as well as later American publicists. Among others they have been explained and practically developed in the Federalist Papers. For example in Paper 51 jam Madison investigated the system of checks and balances as a foundation for independent and responsible state bureau and a guarantee of reservation of liberty and against usurpation.The source of power for Madison is not God or king, for the supreme executive, legislative, and judiciary magistracies should be drawn from the same fountain of authority, the people, through channels having no communication any(prenominal) with one another (1. 118).However, liberalism concerns not only the formation of political power, but relations inside the society as well. British philosopher Thomas Hill dark-green in 1861 wrote about the liberation of the powers of all men equally for contributions to a common good (1.132). And so paradoxically liberalism restricts some forms of civil transaction such as trade of slaves or, for example, those, which jeopardize public health. Liberalism is understood as general state of freedom in the society, which is limited only by freedom of the others and the attend to of the state in such society is only to protect freedom and never exercise more power, than needed for the interests of liberal society.In contrast to liberalism, conservative ideas gained more popularity in the XIX century and were a sort of reaction to the spread of revolutionary ideas, especially after American and French revolutions, therefore, they have been aimed to point of accumulation of liberalism. As explained by Michael Oakeshott, adults who do not consider themselves under any obligation to justify their preferences for making their own choices and that it is beyond human experience to imagine that those who rule are endowed with a superior wisdom (1.193). Humans are week, and too much freedom is likely to corrupt the power and bring out the society. Oakeshotts example is brutal but very persuasive we tolerate monomaniacs, it is our habit to do so but why should we be ruled by them? (1.194)Conservatism can be helpful at unstable times and conservative methods of rule like cutting tax rates in order to stimulate steady economic growth or taking control of the media may sometimes serve the public good. Liberalism and conservatism are therefore the 2 opposite political foundations, neither of which can be obviously preferred of disfavored. The application of liberal and conservative ideas is not a matter of principle, but a matter of current situation.Works Cited1. Nancy S. Love. And Dreams A Reader In Modern Political Ideologies. (CQ Press 3 edition, 2005)

Important step for starting company Essay

NAME SUNEET KAUR To start a New Business or Project is genuinely exciting no doubt only if the challenges to get into the transcription is very heart rendering. The same affaire happened to me, when I took upon myself a task to develop a Soft ware Product Development clay whereby I required office space, systems, software development team, bureau back and miscellaneous small activities, and naturally all these requires budget, as I really didnt had any pay at my disposal.To over sport this problem, the foremost thing I needed to do was chalk out Business Plan for myself, as it is the foremost thing to do. It is a prerequisite to not only define all the Propositions for your business plans but also to estimate your budget and chalk out the source of funding.FINANCIAL PLANNING To finance my project, I took upon initiative the task of estimating the financial planning, which included initial estimate of resource requirements, associated appeals, revenue, identifying operating costs and to bone budgetary plans.It also involved cash flow to ensure that there are no gaps surrounded by income and expenditure, analyzing breakeven levels and forecasting profits.PLANNING FOR SOURCE OF REVENUE To find out the source that can really finance your business and fulfill your dreams, prepare a well planned work out including all your recurring cost that will go into a monetary value Center like Income or value going into the Cost Center, Cost of Office Space as well as infrastructure, Wages or Salaries of the employees, Cost of power back up and communication systems, Cost of miscellaneous activities etc.After charting out the business and Budget plan, I set upon the task to search the source of funding not only for the start up of the business but also expanding the business, and this source of funding is a back bone of your company.SOURCE OF mount The borrowing depends on number of factors like purpose of funds, your borrowing requirement, repayment period, the availability of security or collateral etc. Bankers will never lend against the full equity value of property, the availability of the lend will be limited by the equity or residual value of property.All these points determine if you intend to search for the source of funding. There are several sources for funding, and for me I started withSHORT TERM AND spiritualist TERM BANK LOAN I took upon myself to get the short term and medium term cuss loan. For the repayment of this loan it took me two to five years. For sum of $5000, the security is required in the form of toffee-nosed or company property, fixed or floating charge over the books debts and assets of the business. Interest is fixed at between 2 per cent and 5 percent over the base rate at the prison term the loan was taken out.Arrangement fee is also charged on new loans. This loan system was best suited for me as the rate of interest is just fixed for 2 to five percent. It is more(prenominal) advantageous then the d ifferent loans because security required is very less.BUSINESS ANGELS Business Angels invests in new and developing enterprises. They, rather than start their own business, invest in someone elses Investment proposals and initiatives. Those companies who have skilled and technically qualified people, business venture, capital and skill gives a greater chance to advance with financing from business Angels.There is a site called as a Business Angels Pty. Ltd. Who provide the installation for meeting the both angels and prospective Entrepreneurs. The needs of the business are matched with the angels criteria. There are lots of other sources of financing too like Long term loans from banks, Share Capital from private Investors, Debentures etc, Mortgage debentures, commercialised mortgages etc. but the system of Business Angels are best if starting a New ships company because it depends on the negotiations between the two parties.

Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe was born in a t take in c exclusivelyed York in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of Ger human being origin. Crusoes sustain wanted him to become a attorney but he expresses his wish to go to sea instead because he was adventurous. His family was against Crusoe red ink out to sea, oddly his father. Initially, Robinson is committed to obeying his father, but he eventually gives in to temptation and embarks on a ship dancing for London with a hotshot, without his familys consent but if he goes abroad he leave be the miserablest poor devil that was ever born I can give no consent to it(p. ) However he decides to gala affair I resolvd to run quite away from him(p. 6)His fibre seems resourceful because whenever he feels that he has to do something, he manages to find the resources to complete what he wants to do. This is a theme as this continuous in the novel, he simply manages to go to sea without any hassle, his friend gives him a free tic ket and so therefore he makes a use of it. The archetypical thing that caught my eye when reading this opening of the novel was that it has been written from a first persons fib. I is the first word of the ovel, presenting what he himself observes usually, he favours a more than factual narrative style and focuses more on events and actions. Crusoe is the narrator and withal the main character of the tale, eachthing is described in his own lecture and as mentioned earlier, he expresses a factual and detailed narrative style. It goes on to talk incisively about himself, the main character and his brother and father. This shows that his family had a big influence on him, this familiarization of his family brings the readers closer to the character and shows that Crusoe an usual man.Having read the novel Robinson Crusoe, I will now comment on how the opening scenes to introduce themes which will be all important(predicate) to the novel as a whole. The first theme I have noti ce from the opening is betrayal because he disobeyed his father even though his father did not want him to go on an adventure. He then regrets this and wishes he were at home I would go at a time home to my father and never set it in a ship again while I lived. (p. 8) Crusoe says this long before the adventure has started, this quote gives a sense of egret and therefore makes the readers curious about what is going to happen next and therefore gives a sense of enigma. Regret meaning that whatever is going to happen, is not going to be good so therefore Crusoe is already un happy with the adventure, so from this we, as the listening be that there is more to come.He prepargons us for the adventure and makes it seem that at that time, he didnt hold frequently of his fathers advice. Now that he has experienced and found out he did the wrong thing he is on his fathers side My father, a wise and grand man, gave me serious and excellent council against what he foresaw was my design( p. 4) there is an too religious element beingness portrayed here because religious people usually turn over in a plan that has been designed by god. He becomes more religious due to being isolated on the island and starts communicating with god, so religion becomes a theme in the novel. Even though he seems to be religious later on, he still accumulates money from all his adventures and he also manages to make a profit out of his loss. This makes him an conomical man and this all comes down to his family background and the way he been brought up from what we gather in the first few paragraphs prospect of raising my fortunes by application and industry, with a emotional state of ease and pleasure(p. 4)His father always reminded him about the midpoint class people and told him that it is the lift out station of life and to be grateful of what he already has. You can tell that Crusoe is very strong of money because of the way he has been brought up, he thinks about raising his fortunes by application and industry, so we know that he has an educated background (father. He also sees money as ease and pleasure That the middle Station of life was calculated for all kind of Virtues and all kinds of Enjoyment that Peace and Plenty were the Hand-Maids of middle Fortune. (p. 5) The first few paragraphs are highly specific and detailed which fully informs the reader about every situation Crusoe goes through (his familys definition and his escape from home). This also makes the novel an eyewitness account and gives the sense of truthfulness, this makes the readers more connected to the character and therefore are able to relate more to the novel.This shows that Defoe is quite good at creating a sense of realism. Finally, Crusoe seemed to be in control of his life where he didnt want to listen to his father but later on in the novel manages to have success in mastering his situation, overcoming his obstacles and supreme his environment. So Crusoe wanting to be in control and main(a) of his life and rebellious against his father in the first few paragraphs seemed to help him later on in the novel and taught him to take control of his life. all reader can in some way identify with Crusoe and his situation.His inner conflicts are obvious in the first few paragraphs, which are duty and independence, the duty being that he had to stay home and understand law as his father wished, and the independence being the fact that he wanted to be independent and that happened to him. Hope and despair is another inner conflict because when he left home, he realised what he has done is not what he expected so therefore regretted the runaway which made him quite awful but he had hope. His hope shows that he is an optimistic person. When he was at home, he was not happy with what he had, we know this by his haracter, always looking for something he didnt have, but later on in the island, he made himself happy with what he had and made the most of everything . This shows a change in his character to be a more mature man rather than a unretentive immature male child with unrealistic dreams. The themes of religion, resourcefulness, independence, betrayal, management and economics are definitely important in the novel as a whole. They are emphasised on later when gets stuck on the island and I would say that the two most important themes would be religion and economy management.Robinson CrusoeWriting Assignment 1 From many peoples perspectives, Robinson Crusoes intention of going on a boat and observe the whole world is probably just a desire of youth and ebullience. He rejected his Fathers suggestion of a middle-stage life fulfilled with happiness that the higher and the lower stages have envied for ages. But is it true that the only thing accomplish from his desire is just setting foot on a boat? Needless to say, the trip also changes the way he has always been from the inside, which is clearly seen in the second and the third paragra phs on page 18 when Robinson and Xury were discussing who would go and find the water.Compared to other passages in the whole book, the language in this paragraph is not much complicated, but it signifies a huge change in Robinsons posture towards life and especially his little friend Xury. At the beginning of the book, Robinson is pictured as a man born in a fine family, whose Father is able to suggest and support him with a happy and peaceful life. But at the age of eighteen, it is hard for Robinson to simply accept all the things his Father offered without having to struggle, which motivates his dream of going to sea and rejects all the pleasure that he might have if he stays home.No matter how encouraging and excited Robinson is, it is infallible that he was born and raised in ease, which explains why he decided to take his Fathers advice when he was suffering from the storm in his first time being on a boat. It seems that his dreams are big, but it adopts a lot of effort to o vercome the difficulties that he never faced before. On page 18, second paragraph, it is seen that there has been a significant change in Robinsons thoughts. From a man who just wanted to go home and never go to sea again in the first place, Robinson turned into a man who is ready to support his own life and sacrifice himself for his friend. So much affection and Made me love him ever after are the proofs for what has changed in Robinson after listening to his friend Xurys suit of wanting to goon shoar alone to protect him from wild mans, Robinson realized Xurys the true that he insisted on going together with Xury and shall stir up against the wild mans. The affection of another changed his attitude and his reason of existing not only for himself but also for someone else. In the third paragraph, Robinsons attitude is once again proved at the moment he found out that Xury might need his help. Pursued and frighted described how Robinson is seeing Xurys situation when he was runni ng towards Robinson, which then led to Robinsons reaction of ran forward towards him to help. Those simple only descriptive words again showed how much lovingness and loving Robinson has become towards his little friend Xury and informed how Robinson has changed when being put in this situation. In addition, these words like a hare but different in colour, and longer legs make the novel honorable more real as Robinson now actually is a part of the wild life.As seen from the beginning, he did not know many things about the wild animals or creatures, which were not the main parts of his life. But as he steps in this adventure, Robinson achieves the great deal of knowledge, and comes to know how very good such summation of that creature can be, especially how joyful good water, which is not hard to find at all on land, can bring to him. The words used in those two paragraphs are simple, yet they still managed to describe how Robinsons attitudes towards the real life and his friend have changed.From a Robinson Crusoe who was scared and sea-sick on the first trip to the sea, we now see a Robinson Crusoe with a loving heart towards Xury, who is willing to fight and protect his little friend, and who is now living in a real wild life with creatures he has never seen before. Defoe, from my perspective, was successful in capturing the gradual change within Robinsons thoughts, beliefs and actions, and the descriptive language somehow brings something up to readers minds about how the trip to the sea is going to affect Robinsons life.

Understanding pedagogy and its impact on learning Essay

MusicIntroduction Pedagogy refers to the art and science which aims to fully supply hu homo beings with skills. In this direction strategy, the instructors philosophical principles of instruction are embraced by the scholars upbringing knowledge and experience, environment and situation as well as the studying objectives and goals assign by both the teacher and the pupil. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a Swiss pedagogue introduced his revolutionary modern principles of education. In the ahead of time 19th century, his principles Pestalozzi principles and philosophy started to influence the education system in America. His approach of educating the entire man man was incorporated in the melody education. In 1830s, Lowell Mason-a teacher, began to use Pestalozzis principles and philosophy in his methods of teaching and afterwards came up with a new tactic to the medication education. Lowell Mason later championed for inclusion of music curriculums in normal education. (Branscome, 2005 remark & Gary, 1990, p.76 Sturm, 1998 Tellstrom, 1971). In schools for people with special needs in the United States, music was already incorporated in their syllabus in early 1930s. Such schools where music was taught include New England psychogenic institution for Blind that is also referred to as Perkins School for Blind. Julia Ward Howe offered singing lessons and instructions to the blind and the people with mental disorders using a curriculum that was developed for the purpose of training students in singing and marching lessons. From 1900 music education was incorporated in the public school educations system. From 1960 to 1970 the music education, music education was fully encompassed in the special education syllabus whereby the music classes were taught by the special needs education teacher. More music teachers were delegated to teach students with special needs as from 1970. During the lessons, the teachers were required to visit the schools for two or three mul tiplication in a month. The lessons were meant for listening to recordings, singing or movement engagement exercises. According Graham (1975 & 1980) and Mark & Gary (1990, there is enough evidence to show that music education was not mainly considered for secondary education but elementary level. The enactment of the law that ensured education was compulsory for all children with disabilities -EHA ensured participation of students with disabilities in the level(p) music program.ReferencesRaumer, K.,et al.(1885) . The Life and System of Pestalozzi. London Longmans press.Pestalozzi,J.,Banard,H.(1859). Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism Life, Educational Principles, and Methods of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. New York F.C. Brownell press.Mortimore, P.( 1999). Understanding pedagogy and its impact on learning. London Paul Chapman Publishing.Source document

Online Games

The effect of Online Games to the academic performance of the Students.. .. it is a habit that many of us teenager get hooked up. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organisational dust of classes at the federation of interests college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were haphazard assign as any the data-based sort out or the turn back group. There were 20 students in the observational group and 20 students in the match group.The t test was conducted to compare the means of cardinal one by one sampled experimental and bidding groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational governance of classes at the fraternity college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were haphazard assigned as both the experimental group or the experience group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the construe group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of deuce independently sampled experimental and obtain groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the society college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were arbitrarily assigned as every the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of ii independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study.Due to the organizational system of classes at the companionship college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as all the experimental gro up or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used.Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as eithe r the experimental group or the control group.There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group.The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups. College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were rando mly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existi ng classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.College students studying general physics constituted the population of the study. Due to the organizational system of classes at the community college level where this research took place, random sampling was not used. Existing classes were randomly assigned as either the experimental group or the control group. There were 20 students in the experimental group and 20 students in the control group. The t test was conducted to compare the means of two independently sampled experimental and control groups.

Learning Notes Essay

format 1 CONTENT STANDARD The learner insure the different types and forms of loosenesstic event, the features ,elements and conventions which distinguish them from narratives thereby leading him/her to produced a reaction paper. PERFORMANCE STANDARD The learner writes a meaningful reaction paper on a drama presentation. ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDING The learner exhibits apprehension and appreciation of drama by making sense of and reacting to the different issues presented in it.. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How does wizard show appreciation of Filipino shimmer? Learners will know Types of Drama Forms of drama Drama conventions Expressions exhibit agreement and disagreement Learners will be competent to Explain types of drama Distinguish various forms of drama. move over various graphic organizers to illustrate key concepts in a drama. Perform an array of reading techniques to nail down and unlock drama concept. Respond in various ways to express understanding of drama. Relate how drama mirrors real life. Deduce authentic experiences that can be incorporated in a drama. Analyze descriptions, dialogs and actions to discover, articulate, and dislodge characters in a drama. Draw insights on main and sub issues presented in a drama. STAGE 2 Product Performance Task A meaningful reaction paper on a drama presentation. Evidence at the train of understanding The learners should be able to demonstrate understanding by coating the six (6) facets of understanding. Explanation-Explain how the playwright justifies the actions, feelings, and attitudes of the character. Describe characters, and situation to show how drama reflects culture. Interpretation- interpret the series of connected events in a drama plot. Using events line Application-Apply role playing strategies in delivering dialogs between the protagonist and obstructionist in the play Perspective- Develop perspective by evaluating a drama presentation. Empathy-assume role in Criti quing a drama presentation. Self-knowledge- self-assess ones strengths and weaknesses in presenting assessment of a drama presentation. Evidence at the level of performance Performance assessment of an original extended dialog for drama presentation based on the following criteria 1.Focus/Theme 2. Accuracy 3. Language 4. Unity 5. Coherence 6. Style STAGE 3 TEACHING LEARNING SEQUENCE A. EXPLORE- At this stage, the teacher should be able to do the following wanton away the learners aw be of the desired result that is, for him/her to demonstrate understanding of understanding of the different types and forms of Philippine drama as well as the features, elements, and conventions which distinguish them from narratives Introduce the Essential Question (EQ), How does one show appreciation of Philippine drama? with the learners. Make them answer the questions as exhaustively as possible and cue them into the big ideas by activating their prior knowledge or past experience s. Use non-formative assessment procedure to check/ valuate learners readiness and competence on the prerequisite skills to the tasks at hand. Inform the learners of how they will be assessed. Their major siding after the lesson is a meaningful reaction paper on a drama presentation. Likewise apologise the rubrics. Activities Materials Date Remarks 1.Life is a drama TG. P. 4 Types of Drama listed on a manilla paper fearful 15,2011 paper. 2. Illustrate it TG. P. 4 1. capital of the Philippines paper August 16,2011 2. Pentel pen/ pencil 3. crayons Note 1. Pre- visitation is given to students. To test their prior knowledge. 2. Ask the EQ-essential Question 3. Clarify expectation 4. Hook and engage interest. 5. Give the essential understanding. STAGE 3 TEACHING LEARNING SEQUENCE B.FIRM UP- At this stage, the teacher should be able to do the following Make the learners enhance their knowledge of the different types and forms of Philipp ine drama, as well as the features, elements and conventions which distinguishes them from narratives. shine up the grammar item by providing sufficient examples of word/phrase showing agreement or disagreement. Provide the learners with activities that are motivating and repugn Maximize learners participation in various tasks from controlled practice to free association frame of learning Provide feedback to check for understanding. Activities Materials Date Remarks 1. Which one are you TG. P. 6 1. A copy of the run-in JOLOGs and CONOS 2. A day for a play TG. P6 - Read and write words in the play 2. A photocopy of the Drama- Call that shows AGREEMENT and Me Flory by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero DISAGREEMENT. 3. Lexicon TG. P6 - Write the meaning of the phrases. 3. Manila Paper with the Phrases taken from the play. 4. simplex Recall TG. P7 - Comprehension Questions 4.Manila paper with the comprehension questions. 5. Agree or Disagree TG. P9 - Expressing agreement and 5. Manila Paper with two column A Disagreement and B Agreement and Disagreement. 6. In my belief TG. P10. 6. unlike topics written on a - Choose one topic then write an Manila paper. opinion paragraph stressing their greatest argument for agreeing or disagreeing. Note Discuss and explain expressions on agreement and chalk out of the topic disagreement. STAGE 3 TEACHING LEARNING SEQUENCE C. DEEPEN- At this stage, the teacher should be able to do the following Provide learners with thought provoking questions that will begin them reflect, revisit, rethink, and revise earlier assumptions about(predicate) the types and forms of Philippine drama, the features, elements, and conventions that distinguish them from narrative. Enable learners to apply the grammar items learned by giving them activities within the confines of higher(prenominal) order thinking skills. Address the learners unique ness, their strengths and weaknesses by providing them with differentiated instruction as needed. Provide them with meaningful and challenging activities that will reinforce what they discombobulate learned. Engage them in meaningful self-evaluation. Give feedback. Activities Materials Date Remarks 1. Curtailed Freedom TG. P. 11 1. Topic on specific reality or - Have them agree or disagree venture show. 2. Mock Election TG. P11 -Write and express their ideas 2.Written issue on a manila paper- Are you in favor of using 3. Drama Inventory TG. P12 the Filipino language during - Complete the table after English time? ceremonial/listening to various drama media. 3. Written CHART on a manila paper as guide to the activity. 4. Airing Feedback TG. P12. - Role play any situation 4. Rubrics Notes 1. Discuss the Elements of Drama 2. types of drama 3. drama conventions D.TRANSFER- At this stage, the teac her should be able to do the following Have the learners make independent application of the various processes (drama review, play reaction paper production, critiquing an original extended drama script, ect) they have learned. Make them do independent performance or project using varied and complex assessment procedure. Harness the learners growing proficiency by letting them establish the interface among the activities they have performed. Have them expect the connections between tasks and the world. Activities Materials Date Remarks 1. Drama Review TG. P13 1.evaluation Chart - Complete the evaluation chart after watching a scene in a drama or play. 2. DRP (Drama Reaction Paper) TG. P13 - evaluate the strength and 2. inclination of an orbit of criteria written on a weaknesses of a play or drama. manila paper References Laarni- A daydream by Loreto Paras-Sulit Call Me Flory, by Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero Th e World is an Apple Prepared by FERDINAND A. SANGAO Subject Teacher mention NORA D. DALAPNAS Head Teacher In Charge

U.S. government policies on economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U.S. government policies on rescue - Essay ExampleStudent loans Student loans in the States ar a form of fiscal assistance that are supposed to be refunded, converse to other forms of financial assistance, for example, grants and loans. Student loans play an highly epochal role in the higher education of America. Approximately 20 million American citizens go to college every year. In America, a large part of higher education is financed by learners and their families and is perceived to be a venture instead of a basic human liberty. Consequently, scholars usually graduate with augmented debt levels. Also, student loans are divided into private student loans and federal loans (Wear Simmons, 2008). The Survey of Consumer Finances, 2010, indicates that 45% of all households have significant student-loan debts. This has a negative impact on the economy and productivity. Student loans have diminished the quality of my life. If I successfully meet the debt to income ratio, I may not h ave the capacity to reserve decent cash in hand for a deposit. The Center for Responsible Lending estimates that average-income households take approximately 20 years to make sufficient savings for a 10% down payment. I may also take longer to publish for a down payment imputable to additional financial requirements. There are a proceeds of recommendations to address this issue. One is promote extensive adoption of the college scorecard by postsecondary-education institutes. Another recommendation is to relieve oneself a properly designed refunding program for students who borrow loans. It is also imperative to incorporate private student loans under bankruptcy protection. Free Trade Free trade is a policy by which the face does not interfere with exports or discriminate against imports by enforcing subsidies to exports or tariffs to imports or quotas. In the view of comparative degree advantage, free trade policy allows trading partners equal advantages from trade of services and goods. Free trade has governed prices which are as a consequence of government intervention in the economy through supply restraints or price adjustments (Pugel, 2007). Free trade has improved the quality of my life. For instance, if tariffs on imported sugar are rock-bottom in America, the American manufacturers exit receive lower prices and profits while I and other consumers will spend less for an identical amount of sugar due to the similar decreased prices. It also avails numerous items with relative ease. Recommendations include developing additional programs, for example, the trade Adjustment Assistance program which assists those who lose their manufacturing positions due to foreign imports. Nations with dissimilar advantages should be permitted to capitalize on their differences and trade. Research and Development Industry finances two-thirds of Americas explore and development. Nonetheless, significant researches are performed by research universities. The federal government developed the cornerstone for the Nations land grant institution through the Morrill Acts 4. The federal government support for research and development has developed into a changing and complex web. This has impacted the investment patterns, the economy, and productivity of America (National erudition Board, 2008). Research and development has enhanced the quality of life. The fast change has helped me monitor and understand the position of the farming in research and development competitiveness. It has also helped me to discover what essential information may be scatty that would give correct examination of the country

Managerial Traits and Skills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial Traits and Skills - Research Paper Example2). High take aim of frantic intelligence is fundamental to the good relations between a manager and the subordinates as wellhead as the clients. steamyly intelligent managers know how to tackle the ch entirelyenges that are encountered by them on daily basis. Emotional intelligence inculcates a aesthesis in the manager to deal with others without getting caught in dysfunctional conflicts with them. This enables them to secure the organizational objectives without having to exert unnecessarily. Dealing with people in the appropriate way in context of a certain situation is not a rule of thumb. It is more of an art. Emotionally intelligent managers ease up the indispensable feeling of behaving the right way, which may not necessarily require the manager to be patient all the time. There are clock when it is better to let go of things and yet there are times when the manager needs to take serious action in order to control t he situation. The manager derives this sense from emotional intelligence. ... locus of control inculcates confidence in the managers that they are able to control the stack and take shape them according to the need of the hour. On the other hand, managers who have external locus of control tend to underrate their ability to control the circumstances. Instead, they tend to think that things will happen as they are destined to be. tour the significance of destination cannot be undermined, it is equally important for a manager to believe that his/her destination is in his/her own hands. Without this belief, the manager lacks the confidence required to play his/her individualistic role in the change of circumstances for the better. Interpersonal skills of an individual have a large impact on his/her effectiveness as a manager. Interpersonal skills, as the name indicates, are the skills required to deal with people. Interpersonal skills are linked to emotional intelligence and the tw o have a cause-and-effect relationship. High level of emotional intelligence inculcates sound social skills in the manager. The fundamental key to the improvement of interpersonal skills is knowledge of business ethics. Business ethics inculcate a manager what is the right thinking which needs to be adopted for the evaluation and analysis of matters. Teamwork is immanent for a manager as he/she is frequently required to work as part of a team. Teamwork is essentially a skill that is not very common in people. Different people have different problems that affect their tendency to be effective as a team member. Such problems accommodate but are not limited to attitude problems, neuroticism, and group think. Some people are not able to get along with others well. This may happen because of a contrast between others beliefs and perceptions and theirs. This causes

Budgets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bud go throughs - Assignment ExampleThe two processes provide the organization with tools to comp be the estimates and existent results thusly offer work outary control techniques.Budget accounting and reporting does fulfill its initial purpose. The two processes are meant to evaluate approved budgets against actual results to guide future and current decision making. The processes assist to enhance pecuniary control and identifying where change is quickly needed and required (World Bank, 2012). Through budgetary reporting and accounting, variances between the actual results and estimates get noted and the necessary action taken to correct the underlying causes to manage the variations.The current budget system works efficiently. The budget system provides the means to base decision on how much capital to spend and on what to spend. It also provides ways on how the money to be spent will get raised. The budget system provides the estimates of the governments proposed spending an d income generation process. The deficits and variances can also get headstrong to help the government plan on the nations fiscal future. the budget system helps to plant aside estimates for the different sectors the government involves itself

Article Review and Comment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review and comment - Article ExampleThis is letting Republicans take him to task for failing to engage in realistic cost-cutting measures. Republicans argon accusing Obama of irresponsible spending. Meanwhile, Democrats ar arguing that macro-economic factors like unemployment justify spending even with the deficit. Obama in special is arguing for long-term investments into workforce and infrastructure to stay competitive. Republicans, as is common, are associating spending cuts with shrinking government. any(prenominal) Republicans like Scott Walker have even turned down federal government money and associated projects. They are thus clearly rejecting New Deal-style pump and prime, work creation missions. The deficit will jolt the 2012 budget intensely. Republicans are hoping to extend spending past March 4th so as to run into more time to debate the issue. Treasury officials predict that by April, the deficit ceiling is likely to be exceeded barring immediate action. The articl e notes that most initiatives focus only on 15% of the budget discretional spending that is non-security oriented. The journal notes that this is deeply flawed Most of the deficit comes from non-discretionary programs that are much harder to cut such as Social Security (which is a financial obligation and has a separate, non-discretionary fund) and the military which is politically unthinkable to cut. First, I think that partisan commitments are transparent in this article.

Genealogy of Morality By Friedrich Nietzsche Essay

Genealogy of Morality By Friedrich Nietzsche - study ExampleThis following quotes further supports my opinion pure one ismerely a man who washes himself, who forbids himself certain(a) foods that produce skin ailments, who does not sleep with the dirty women of the lower strata, who has an aversion to blood 4, the concept best is essentially identical with the concept useful 2 ...they designate themselves simply by their superiority in power or by the most clearly visible signs of this superiority3 . With how useful politicians had been to the society, the gracious race undoubtedly sees them as good people and their well-painted reputations have earned them the label of pure one. each these vested superiorities, will earn them much supremacy and help them continue with their propaganda and declare themselves as the good people. An equation is provided by the creditors receiving, in place of a literal compensation for an injury, a recompense in the course of instruction of a kind of pleasurethe pleasure of being allowed to vent his power freely upon one who is powerless, the risque pleasure of doing evil for the pleasure of doing it.. the enjoyment of violation 5.I do not believe that having someone who owes you something wins you all right to vent power over that person. Violation can never be justified by the pleasure a creditor gets from taking advantage or venting power over someone, particularly the debtor. any form of abuse over someone should never be tolerated. The debtor is obliged to pay tho it does entail having to take in any form of physical harm. First of all, it is going to be a violation of human rights. Although the next quote is applicable to some societies, there are certain human laws that defy the authors idea and, in opposition, vie to protect human rights in other communities In weighty the debtor, the creditor participates in a right of the masters at last he, too, may experience for once the majestic sensation of being al lowed to despise and mistreat someone as beneath him or at least, if the demonstrable power and administration of punishment has already passed to the authorities, to see him despised and mistreated. The compensation, then, consists in a warrant for and entitle to cruelty 5. It was here, too, that that uncanny intertwining of the ideas guilt and suffering was first effected-and by now they may well be inseparable 6. With this inseparability, the incorrectness, if not immorality, of using pleasure as a justification for violating someone becomes even more visible and disagreeable. It was never proper to hurt anyone. Even statements like the following could raise eyebrows. On the contrary, let me declare expressly that in the days when mankind was not yet ashamed of its cruelty, life on earth was more cheerful than it is now that pessimists exist. 7

Management communication 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management chat 2 - Assignment ExampleI was taken by shock and disappointment. I could not hark back of saying or doing anything. I just left.The person did not use the strategies mentioned in Chapter 15, which was why, the news was conveyed in such a bad manner. Ideally, the secretary should have told us to leave after interview so that the results would be telecommunicateed to us, rather than keep us waiting after the interview only to reject us with a sarcastic smile, which was just pointless Ideally, I should have received a letter via email that would regret over the refusal of my proposal, and tell me that the alternate way is to apply three months later. Formatting of letter is besides important. The bad news should be placed in the middle of the letter, after the buffer (benchmarkinstitute.org, n.d.). Sentences like Im so sorry that happened (Herndon, 2005) convey empathy to the reader. The letter should also have indicated the factor which made me lose points so that I w ould work upon that to improve it. A good reason prepares the audience to expect the refusal (p.