The Implications of Spanish Essay Example for Free

The Implications of Spanish EssayThe United States is the worlds fourth largest Spanish-speaking domain. This ranking should not come as a surprise to anyvirtuoso. According to Renan Alemend bez Coello (qtd. in Hochmuth), it is not that hard to find some champion who speaks either particular(a) side of meat or no English at all on the street today. Indeed, recent demographic studies and observations that fool been made by researchers have implied that Spanish is the second most widely utilize verbiage in the country, next to English. This is because as of the year 2000, Mexican immigrants make up 27. 6% of the total foreign-born U. S. population with an new(prenominal) 5 million immigrants coming from other Spanish-speaking nations and countless of unaccounted illegal migrants launching the country in the U. S. Mexico b rank and Americans learning Spanish through and through and through formal breeding (Carreira 334 Lipski 14 Huntington 26 U. S. English Foundation 15). In certain and territories of the country such(prenominal) as Miami and Puerto Rico, Spanish has become the elemental language used not just in homes, but in business and politics (Castro Lipski 29-31).In fact, in the 1984 national elections J starnesss had reported to Senator Quentin N. Burdick that in Texas al 1 283,000 voters from 1,012 precincts in the states were Hi swingics coered by the 1965 Voting Rights coiffe which mandated that elections be conducted in a language aside from English in give for the minority would be fitting to exercise in their right to vote (1-2). Even more than recently, the Democratic Partys presidential candidate debate held in September 2003 was done both in English and Spanish (Lipski 30).While the evidence mentioned establishes Spanish as the second language of the United States, these proof that Spanish is booming in the country today has given a growing rise of concern among many Americans virtually its implications. Many have begun to fear that the proliferation of Spanish in the country would cause the nation to be split and would even hinder the country from progressing (Hochmuth Lipski 30). One significant issue currently faced by the country today that has been linked to the growth of the Spanish language in the country is the growing pedantic effect gap between Hispanics and Caucasians.In a recent interpret made by Rumberger and Anguiano in 1998 in 120 kindergarten schools in California, they have attributed that the academic achievement gap is caused by two factors namely the socio-economic positioning of the family of the student and the English proficiency of the student (17). These two factors argon interlinked with each other. Since Hispanic immigrants are not fluent or do not speak English efficiently, they are unable to find involution to be able to uplift their socio-economic status (Hochmuth Lipski 34).Because of this, they are unable to provide their children the skills need in exhibition t o be able to perform competently once they enter school. This is evident in the grade indicate averages that they receive in secondary schools and in their Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores as compared to students from other cultural backgrounds (Lavin-Loucks 3-5 Rumberger and Anguiano 4). This would at last lead to long term consequences ranging from unemployment to dependency on welfare (Lavin-Loucks 7).In order to address the matter, some government organizations have began to lobby for fluency in the English language should be mandated. Dubbed as the English Only lawsuit, its statutes may range from declaring English as the sanctioned language in the state to the exclusion of non-English assistant and services. Today, sixteen states have become English Only states. These states include Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, overdue north and South Carolina, North Dakota, Tennessee and Virginia.Supp orters of this movement see this as the solution to address other concerns such as the academic achievement gap and the high number living in poverty (American genteel Liberties sum 2 Lipski 34). In order to educate immigrants to become fluent in English, they would facilitate the direction through the use of English immersion programs. These programs would prohibit the use of any language except English. There are three method actings that could be used for these programs. The first is the English as a Second Language (ESL) method which supplements the classes with additional lessons in English.ESL may focus on grammar and language structure or focus on the contents through communication. The second method is the sheltered immersion method where the English taught is dependent on the proficiency take aim of the student. The third model is called the sink or swim method. This involves were placed in ceaseless classrooms regardless of their proficiency level. This third method w as banned by the Supreme Court in 1974 (The Benefits of bilingualist Education). However, there are many who protest to the English Only movement.Coalitions such as the American Civil Liberties Union have noted that while there are some benefits to this movement, there are excessively a number of consequences which they medical prognosis as bearing more weight compared to the benefits. For one, the English Only movement would void federal and state laws which require the government to provide services in languages by from English, such as the 1965 Voting Rights Act (Jones 1) as surface as services pertaining to everything from health and cultivation to assistance to victims of crimes or accidents (2).It in addition leads to the abandonment of multicultural events. This movement would likewise lead to Spanish-language, and other foreign language, programs in television and radio stations to forfeit their licenses and would eventually go off the air. Furthermore, immigrants wh o are coerced English one way or another would experience some psychological woes. In an interview, Ronald Rodriguez (qtd. in Torres) found himself worthy aloof in his class where everyone, but him, spoke English as a youngster.When he eventually became fluent with the English language, he began to feel a sense of embarrassment in speaking Spanish and had a feeling that he had betrayed his family for speaking English. Moreover, this movement is contradictory to the Equal Protection Clause saved by the Fourteenth Amendment and would inhibit immigrants who are not proficient in English of certain rights such as the right to vote, education and to be free of discrimination (2-3). This would make the English Only indemnity as a racist policy (Schmidt 143).Opposing aggroups have proposed alternatives to the English Only policy. In order to solve national concerns such as the academic achievement gap and the growing poverty due to unemployment on the part of immigrants is through bilin gual education (Huntington 30). bilingualist education was initially employed to level out unequal education (Arce 228). Bilingualism refers to an individuals knowledge of two or more languages apart from his or her own native language and the ability to function in these languages according to the need (Meyer and Fienberg 2 Minami).These abilities include speaking, reading, writing, and understanding (Chiocca). There are three bilingual education models that are currently used in the country today. The first model is the Transitional model. This model accentuates English language development and academic learning using the native language of the students as the medium to instruct them. The second model is the developmental model. This model is aimed to advance the fluency of the student both in writing, reading and speaking both in their native language and in English.The third model is the dual language program. This program teaches both English and the students native language alternately to the students in order to make them fluent in both English and the students native language (Lipski 29-30 The Benefits of Bilingual Education). In todays society, all nations including the United States are geared towards globalization (Robinson). In line with this, more and more individuals view bilingual education and dual language programs to become popular (Lipski 29-30).Children who are enrolled in bilingual education programs in the country have been reported to succeed academically since their language and culture are incorporate in the curriculum of the program and in their daily interactions in the classrooms providing a firm language derriere (Arce 228 Wu and Ito). This environment allows the children enrolled in bilingual programs to foster a feeling of security (Konishi). Being proficient in more than one language also allows students the opportunity to continue their education in other countries (Fallows).Furthermore, bilingual education preserves the st udents sense of pride, making them able to blend in a dominant English speaking easily able to interact with his or her classmates at the same magazine protecting their sense of identity since language and culture are important to the identity of an individual (The Benefits of Bilingual Education). In line with this, bilingualism also allows Americans in order to understand the other cultures in the country. A hardly a(prenominal) of the languages that Lipski had suggested for Americans to select as a second language to learn are Chinese, Japanese and Spanish (29).Bilingualism also has its benefits in the corporate world. Bilingual candidates, particularly those who are fluent in Spanish and English, have greater employment opportunities than those who can only speak one language (Chiocca). This is due to the growing Hispanic grocery in the country. As of 2000, the Hispanic community is reported to have a purchasing power of over $300 billion annually (Carreira 334). Thus, many bu siness organizations in the United States prefer to consider individuals who are able to speak both Spanish and English.The need for bilingual employees is more imperative in industries that marvel vast amount of paperwork. Examples of these industries are car sales, insurance, mortgaging companies, and those who cater to foreign clients. In these industries, the transactions between the node and the company are seen to have high risks. Bilingual employees minimize these risks by being able to slip by effectively with their clients. An employee who is able to speak the same language as the companys customers would be able to make them feel more secure and important to the business (Jares Shepherd).An example of this was when Continental Airlines began to service passengers to Latin America and began to hire bilingual stewards and stewardesses for these flights. Erica Roy, spokesperson of Continental Airlines stated that the company decided to hire bilingual stewards and stewarde sses because the companys clientele was improving in Latin America and the company treasured to make the customers feel comfortable (Jares). Despite the many benefits bilingual education may bring just about to an individual, particularly to children, many researchers have found that it has its share of disadvantages.According to the studies of these researchers, children who enroll in bilingual education programs experience more hardships in terms of language proficiency as compared to those who grow up learning only one language. Bilingual children have been noted to exhibit vocabulary proficiency scores down the stairs normal in either of the two languages. Researchers attribute this to the fact that since they are learning two disparate languages, they are learning twice as many words within the same time span as that of a child who is only learning one language.Other researchers have also reason out that bilingual education can inhibit the cognitive development of the chil d which may result to slowing (Minami). Recent studies on the impact of bilingual education to the cognitive development of a child have shown results contrary to the initial findings made by researchers. In fact, studies have shown that children who are raised learning more than one language have a higher potential to become smarter than those who only learned one language.In a study done in Darthmouth College headed by Laura-Ann Petitto, a group of children whose ages were between 4 and 6 years old and spoke either French or English were compared against a group of bilingual children who were learning one spoken and one signed language. The cognitive capability of the participants of the study were compared using a commonly used research device to measure the thinking ability as well as the ability to allocate attention wherein the participants telling the researchers the color of the square appearing on a computer screen and its position on the screen.The results of the study sh owed that the bilingual children scoring better than those who only knew one language. The results of this study disproved previous studies that cognitive development is compromised in the case of bilingual children (McCoy). Another similar study at the University College in London supported the findings made by Petitto. They had concluded that because they were learning more than one language, the brains of bilingual children are more structurally enhanced as compared to those who can only speak one language (Linguists Have Better Brains).Petitto confirms this by explaining that the increased demands in processing two language systems also increased the computational analysis capabilities of the brains of bilingual children (McCoy). Bilingualism has also shown to cultivate classification skills, concept forming, reasoning through analogy, and a better control in linguistic processing (Chipongian).The latter was evident in a study done by Viberg where bilingual children and monoling ual children were given a story which they then needed to relay, the versions given by bilingual children were more detailed than their monolingual counterparts (Minami). Furthermore, bilingual children have been noted to be more flexible mentally and able to conceptualize better. These analytical capabilities demonstrated by bilingual children as well as the recognition of uncertainties and sensitivity towards detail and structure have also been noted to excrete that of children their age who have learned only one language.They are able to focus their attention on important details without being sidetracked by study that have no bearing on the information or details that may be misleading (Chipongian). It is important to remember that currently, the findings on how bilingual education affects the cognitive development of an individual has been concentrated on children. Further research would yet have to be to determine if the same benefits would be exemplified by teenagers and ad ults who learn a second language.