Are We an Overmedicated Society Essay

argon we an overmedicated society? Have you ever opened your medicine cabinet, and really looked at its contents? Have you ever stopped to wonder exactly what is in those bottles, and what it is doing in lieu your be? Do we really expect all of those doses? These atomic number 18 the questions I began asking myself a few stratums ago, and I olfactory modality roughly people should be questioning these things to a greater extent often. every age that I see a red-hot commercial or ad that highlights a formidable drug and the resulting lawsuits, I build to wonder how more an(prenominal) drugs bring out in that respect be alone as dangerous, but oasist been documented yet.How many diseases ar fabricated so that more drugs arse be sold? We have been engineered to believe that every mankind emotion and condition is a disease and should be medicated. But how much(prenominal) is too much? My first argument is that society today has go bad much too reliant on prescri ption medications and it has gotten to be out of control on many grounds. The two assemblages of individuals I olfactory sensation are nigh at risk for this type of over-indulgence are children and the elderly. A triplet group of concern involves the mentally impaired or depressed portion of society, which I will line to.But first, I will bankrupt my assessment of childrens psychiatry from my viewpoint. A century ago, parents were free to subject field their children in the way they saw fit. As a result, children grew up to be respectable adults with military controls and accountability for their actions. There were put away those who deviated of course, but it seems it was much less(prenominal) prevalent than it is today. Now, we have become a society who is afraid to school their children for fear of repercussion from social services and the threat of losing their children.As a result, we now have many children growing up who learn that they are in charge of their paren ts. These children are not take aimd to respect their parents, and this results in a lack of respect for human races in general. This has consequently lead to a rise in sociopathic behavior among teenagers and boylike adults who have been raised with abruptly no accountability for their actions or respect for human life. For those parents whose children have gotten out of control, they customarily turn to their family physicians for advice.I believe this has light-emitting diode to a rise in the creation of childhood diseases and medications to go along with them. In recent course of instructions, thither appears to be a huge subjoin in the number of children diagnosed with ADHD and different levels of the Autism spectrum. These children are being sedated with pills alternatively of learning how to behave in a socially acceptable manner. They hence grow up neer learning how to properly integrate into society, and from on that point we have mentally impaired, depressed, and often sociopathic adults who are told they will require more medication and sedation for their spotless lives.On the opposite nullify of the spectrum, a second segment of society that is suffering from pharmaceutical neglect is the elderly population. You may have noticed the number of medications typically gear up in your grandmothers medicine cabinet, and this scenario is not atypical. Seniors are pickings medications for things that begettert train to be medicated. As a result, they need additional medications to combat the side effects of the original medications prescribed. It is like a domino effect, each iodine building on another. One drug might be taken for low glucose levels.This drug may mother high blood pressure and high cholesterol, giving rise to the need for additional medications to counteract those two life-threatening conditions. In turn the unessential medications might have adverse reactions requiring additional medications and so on, creating a danger ous level of chemicals taken daily. Having to take so many medications, and often on a low or fixed income, puts a huge furrow on the average elderly patient, and significantly lowers the quality of life experienced in the last phase of life.In addition to young children and of age(p) citizens, my third area of concern is the mental health arena. We are shortly diagnosing illnesses and prescribing pills for every range of typical human emotion and behavior. Feelings of anger, elation, sadness, and disturbance are all normal human responses to different stresses issued from the natural purlieu around us. But we have been manufactured to believe that any wizard of these can signal the presence of serious illness and disease, and if we are experiencing these we had go hightail it to the nearest desex and get a pill to eradicate it all.This is what the pharmaceutical companies want us to believe, and it has been working amazingly well for them so far. The doctor is not programm ed to tell you that you are experiencing normal human emotions, instead, they get you very upset and worried that you are actually suffering from a major mental disorder that requires immediate action and medication. Now, I delay that therapy is often needed for excess amounts of any one of these emotions. However, I feel that in most cases medication is simply not needed. Would you apply a Band-Aid to a surgical wound?That is what I feel the value of most of these medications really is. It never solves the root of the issue, so the patient continues to take these medications that their body becomes dependent on, thus supporting the drug companies for the rest of their lives. One of the of import issues when it comes to mental health in patients of all ages is the subject of anti-anxiety medications. I latterly discovered an article which was penned with regard to the use of anxiety medications in the linked States and internationally, and whether or not it is a concern.Accordin g to Armstrong, their use has increased in America at the rate of 7 million prescriptions a year (1). This raises the concern that the exponential growth of these drugs will eventually lead to an entire country of sedated citizens. Despite frequent belief, however, most of these prescriptions are written by family physicians and not psychiatrists, to deal with patients who believe they have a disease they dont have and are demanding pills. Despite reassurances of the nearty of the use of benzodiazepines, concerns still linger as to how much is too much.The pharmaceutical labor is greatly to blame for fueling this negligent over-use of harmful chemicals. It really is all near money, when it comes down to it. It seems like they are eager to produce any mixed bag that they can market to the American public that will sell in mass quantities, whether or not it is actually incumbent for anyones health. It is come-at-able, even, that they go as far as to manufacture their own illnes ses so they can capitalize on it any way they can.As a result, there doesnt seem to be enough research going into many of the drugs that are approved by the FDA and take up space on a pharmacy shelf. They might run it by a group of not-so-randomly selected individuals for a quick test-run. Then, even if adverse reactions are found, they are confirm and dismissed and the public never even finds out. If they do, it is usually in clarified print at the end of a drug advertisement, and the public never even takes notice of it be showcase they are so hyped up about the assertable positive outcomes this drug may have in store for them.The trade is so intense that it convinces many people they have diseases they dont even have and they rush to the doctor to fill their demands. According to border & Wallace, fewer than 50% of all of the serious adverse reactions to a parvenue drug the FDA releases are identified prior to its release into the marketplace (2, pg 46). This is a very alar ming statistic that needs to be taken seriously The doctors, in turn, are often pressured by the drug companies to market these drugs to patients who do not even present with symptoms which would call for such drugs.These doctors are often enticed by incentives and benefits offered by these companies to convince them to dole out these unnecessary medications. Essentially, they are wined and dined by the pharmaceutical companies. The other issue facing doctors is that these patients show up in droves with complaints and expect pills. If they are turned away or refused, the doctor faces come-at-able legal actions, possibly law suits or malpractice claims. So, the easy solution is to make up the patient what they want, not what they need. Essentially, the conventional doctor/patient relationship has scoured almost entirely.Patients are now doctoring themselves, deciding which drugs they need, and then going to the doctor with their demands since they cannot fill their scripts withou t a prescription. The book, Death By Prescription, has an excellent deterrent example of this. The author provides a story of a patient named Cynthia who goes in for her yearbook exam, confirms the presence of menopause, and against her better judgment is prescribed hormone replacement therapy. Everything seems to be going well for a few months, and then she unexpectedly collapses one day, completely at random, from acute cardiac arrest.After she has been put to rest, the married man then discovers that there were concerns about heart related problems for a year before his wife was initially prescribed this medication. (2, pgs 3-7) The doctor who wrote this book speaks of his outrage that potentially life-threatening drug reactions are never brought to the consumers fear until it is too late. Since these drugs are hitting the market without adequate research to possible drug reactions or interactions, more and more lawsuits are being filed. Every time I see a new lawsuit for a d rug that was heavily marketed, I wonder which one will be next.I take a few prescriptions myself, only because they are necessary to control severe acid reflux which could erode my entire esophagus and to keep allergies in check which have a tendency to cause ear infections with me. I wouldnt take them if I didnt absolutely need to. One that Ive seen recently is a lawsuit for a popular birth control drug, Yasmin, that I clearly remember advertisements for which knotty many women in bright yellow bathing suits. Other examples that I can think of just off the top of my head are Avandia, Phen Phen, and Thalidomide. A famous example, though, is the whole Vioxx fiasco.Vioxx was a popular pain reliever that was touted as more effective than ibuprofen and naproxen sodium, but little was known about its potentially fatal side effects, mostly related to heart problems. According to Carey, Barrett, and Cropper, society needs to assure that drugs are a double-edged sword. Doctors should do a better job of keeping up with pharmaceutical findings. And patients should know that all medicines are potentially dangerous and should be used cautiously. In the past, people accepted that there was no such thing as a totally safe drug, says McKillop. Today we have become much more risk-averse. Adds Dr. Mary H. Parks, a top FDA drug-approval official Even in the best case, with full due(p) diligence, we will never know everything about a drug. Thats why it will always be a struggle to hit just the right balance between help and harm. (3) This lends credence to my belief that most drugs that have been on the market less than 10 years should not be trusted. Hopefully, this paper has influenced the general perspective on the pharmaceutical industry itself and how many drugs should be taken by the average consumer on a daily basis.How many times have doctors prescribed brand new cures for diseases that no one has ever heard of? Consumers should be taking agate line of just how ma ny drugs are being over-marketed and should be aware of the dangers represent by the chemicals ingested on a daily basis. If it is something that is not needed for normal daily functioning, should it even be prescribed? Is it doing more harm than redeeming(prenominal)? How much research has been conducted for this particular drug? Whether the individual is a young child, a middle-aged adult, a psychiatric or geriatric patient, these are the questions that each person should be asking every day.

An Analysis of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd and the Effect of the Credit Crunch on Its Performance

sermon Proposal An analysis of Sainsburys super market places Ltd and the military group of the opinion crunch on its performance Year 1 passage codeMN5251 Assignment No 1 Programme Title multiple sclerosis International Management Candidate No 0901143 TABLE OF CONTENTS entrance 3BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3 AIMS OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT.. 4 LITERATURE REVEIW.. 5 METHODOLOGY 6 PROPOSED CHAPTER HEADINGS 7 REFERECES 8 appendage 9 1. IntroductionThis sermon seeks to examine Sainsburys supermarkets plc (Sainsburys) as a company and how they can use their established brand to branch bug egress and shoot potential growth in the manufacturing, and to explore how they atomic number 18 act with the recent credit crunch. Sainsburys has come a long trend from being the market leader to dropping to the third moorage which it is assay to hold up. This can be attributed to a series of wrong decisions and wishing of fore preference leading to their received struggles. The y suffered from poor management in the past and this has reflected on their effort to catch up with the industry leaders. In addition, because of the recent credit crunch, banks take over cut back on lending to both individuals and firms thereby swaying consumers to demand cheaper products and curb their expenditures.A question springs to mind prior to the crisis, supermarkets thrust passed on rising victuals prices to consumers but now more than than of all time prices ar low, so why the sudden change in tactical manoeuvre? Small businesses are going under due to lack of pay which hinders them from competing and offering low prices but this loss to society becomes a gain to the big supermarkets. Does this mean that the supermarket industry has less(prenominal) risk than early(a) industries or has the supermarket industry adjusted strategicalally to cope with the global downturn? 2. understate of the study Sainsburys supermarket, a subsidiary of J Sainsbury plc was first open(a) in 1869 and is one of UKs most reputable stores.They own 509 supermarkets and 276 thingumabob stores around the UK according to their website and are best known for their quality products that are priced fairly. It operates as an oligopoly where only fewer firms in the industry have volume of the market shares. Historically they have had the advantage of been in the industry a lot longer than its competitors who have now taken over in both performance and market share. Over a consecutive triad month period ending in June 2008, Sainsburys reported 3. 4% add-on in like-for-like sales which exclude fuel. They have recently boosted their basic principle range in order to meet the growing demand and tempt smart customers.They have promoted their brand with the help of celebrity chef Jamie Oliver In the current economic climate, the supermarket industry seems non to be affected monetaryly by the lack of global credit but they have had to change their operations strategic ally to meet the demand of customers in the recent economic downturn. The food industry runs a low risk trade because majority of its products are necessities unlike other industries such as the banking sector who have suffered greatly from the credit crunch e. g. Lehman brothers. Across the continent and the UK, supermarkets have not been adversely affected by the economic crisis. Contrary to the recent events, the supermarket industry has in general employed more staff globally than any other sector. E. g. Asda has pledged to employ 7000 new workers in 2009 (BBC), Tesco withal plans to take up 10,000 new workers ( toss away News).Some of the supermarkets are making plans to expand and open new stores in the current economic climate impaired with lack of credit. Companies have had to improve efficiency in order to minimise their cost and to increase profitability. 3. The Aims of the research project are to Provide an assessment and summary of Sainsburys supermarkets plc -using m onetary, operational and business performance analysis to compare them over against their competitors. Analyse its panorama in the industry before and during the credit crunch they are before long experiencing increased sales during a recession. Investigate the reasons why Sainsburys is not the market leader they were the pioneers of the industry and now they are struggling to maintain third position ranking. Put together recommendations for Sainsburys on opportunities open to them that could lead to potential growth and increase customer loyalty nominate possible solutions and strategies that could help rebrand and reposition them in the industry. Personal aims include Gaining more knowledge and skills in performing research through various techniques. bring about a compulsory component to secure an MSc degree in International Management. The objectives of the research project are to Evaluate the supermarket industry. Examine the portion of Sainsburys in the industr y. Establish if there are still market growth opportunities. Accessing the impact of the credit crunch on the industry. Reason stinkpot the recent increase in sales during the credit crunch. The effectiveness of their selling scheme and its impact on their sales. The role and contributions of operations to Sainsburys. 4. Literature reassessment and boundarys of the study Sainsburys has recently been losing customers to discount stores like Aldi and Lidl who offer press down value products at cheap prices and since then the company has rebranded and improved on its monetary and operational performance but has still not caught up with the market leader. Their own brand basics is a core stance to the business but they seen to be losing the battle of drawing consumers to purchase upscale and premium products from them.Sainsburys grew rapidly after its first store was heart-to-heart but suffered great losses after the Second reality fight when turnover fell drastically but the company evolved and grew once again till they experienced a change in management bearing in 1992. David Sainsbury and his successors made great decision mistakes under their administration including the rejection of branched into non-food retailing amongst others. During this downturn, their competitors grew rapidly. An opportunity that needs s to be explored is the increase in demand for organic products while striving to minimise the threat of their lack of international market exposure. It is important to point out that porters 5 forces has nearly weakness of been static, lacks guidance on how to define an industry and not earlier looking.With these flaws, it is also considered to be a useful tool in identifying threats to profitability, strategic planning to outperform rivals and helps to identify less competitive segments. A limitation to the report ordain be the example size used which will be small compared to the total population and maybe income, age and taste sen sitive. The result from the survey will be biased because it will be focused in the south west region of the UK and only few stores will be used. 5. Methodology and methods The research aims will be achieved with a combination of primary and indirect research 5. 1 Literature check over The research method will be reviewing the writings on the supermarket industry with its focus being on Sainsburys.This will be achieved from the use of secondary data collected from textbooks and journals through Royal Holloway university library and other pertinent resources including the use of commercial databases and internet search engines. The address will sham a case study method. 5. 2 info collection and sample This report will use qualitative and quantitative data as sources of primary research. An analysis of original documents will be utilised including carrying out a small sample survey of 30 individuals each for Sainsburys and its competitors. This will entail the use of questionn aires with closed questions imputed into Statistical Package for the fond Sciences (SPSS). Telephone and face-to-face interviewing techniques will also be used ground on having good and reliable contacts within the companies.Data will also be gathered from electronic sources, books, journal articles news achieves and interviews to. 5. 3 Data analysis A categorisation approach will be select where all data collected are grouped according the outlet area best suited for its analysis. This report will examine the financial and operational performance of Sainsburys in comparison with its competitors. The use of financial information gathered from secondary research, Sainsburys and its competitors (such as audited reports) which are less biased will be used to measure the performance of the business. The financial performance will be evaluated using the following Ratio analysis, contest analysis and Financial statements.The operational performance will be analysed by studying the fo llowing Distribution networks, Product quality, Pricing strategies, Promotion strategies and lineage location. The report will use the 4-stage model theory to rate the position of Sainsburys operation. This will determine where they fit into the model and how to further assume other aspects of their processes which could act as a support to gaining competitive advantage. strategical analysis theory will be used to evaluate the strategic position of Sainsburys in the supermarket industry. These theories will include Swot analysis, lad analysis, Porters five forces and Risk analysis. The SourcesSainsburys website, Tesco, Asda and Morrisons website, Textbooks, Journals, The World Wide Web, Databases, Royal Holloway University, News achieves and MINTEL. 6. Proposed chapter headings Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 minimize Chapter 3 Literature review Chapter 4 Methodology Chapter 5 explore results and analysis Chapter 6 Conclusion and recommendations References and appendices Refe rences Collin Fisher 2007. Researching and Writing a Dissertation A Guidebook for Business Students. Prentice Hall BBC online Asda creating 7,000 new UK jobs http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/7855482. stm Accessed 28/01/2009 Datamonitor, August 2008. Company shine up Sainsburys http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdf? id=22&hid=16&sid=fc656bea-c31c-4043-bbc3-82640ca0cf52%40sessionmgr7 www. sainsburys. co. uk Wheelwright, S. and Hayes, R. (1985) Competing through manufacturing in Harvard Business Review, (Jan-Feb), pp. 99-109. Sky News Tesco to create 10,000 new jobs http//news. sky. com/skynews/Home/Business/Tesco-To-Create-10000-Jobs-But-Posts-Poor-Christmas-Sales-Figures/Article/200901215202210. Accessed 20/01/2009 Appendix Timetable of dissertation 30th of January, 2009 proposal deadline February 2009 hebdomad 1-2 collect literature papers hebdomad 3-4 review research methods literature and research strategy March 2009 week 1-2 design questionnaires forms week 3-4 examine l iterature review April 2009 week 1-4 contact company to make appointment schedules week 3-4 edict the questions of questionnaires May 2009 week 2-3 formal proceeding with questionnaires week 4 net collection of questionnaire and analyse of primary data from the case company June 2009 week 1-4 start writing dissertation week 1-4 keep refining dissertation writing and start to finalise dissertation write up July 2009 week 4 start proofreading, finalise dissertation write up week 4 buffer for contingency and start up the plan of dissertation stuffing August 2009 week 1 finalise dissertation binding week 2 preparation for submission deadline

The Elixir of Love

I watched Leisure damper (also called The Elixir of Love), a comic opera house performed in two acts, created by the Italian composer Cottage Downsized in the ordinal century. It was the most often performed opera in Italy between 1838 and 1848. The play showed the extol triangle between the main characters. Merino, a young villager, was in get along with the beautiful farm owner Adding. Unfortunately, he never knew how to get her precaution she was very indifferent and, apparently, she did not care about whap at all.Hopeless, Merino .NET to see the traveling quack doctor, Dulcimers, to ask him for a love potion that could make Adding fall for him. Things got worse when Sergeant Belcher arrived in town. He matte immediately attracted to Adding as well and asked the lady to marry him. Adding, to get retaliate on Merino, accepted the proposal. Thenceforth, Merino had to try his best to clarify the space and seduce the beautiful lady. To my eyes, the whole play was completely ad dictive and heart-wringing. Furthermore, I felt really involved with the characters and the ending was very satisfying.The setting was extraordinary. Although It was continuously the same background, the light fixture and additional ornamentation made it facial expression flawless all the time. There were also some visual do that helped a lot to create appropriate situations, for Instance, the different times of the day. The costumes of the swear were totally accurate with the era that the play was trying to represent. They presented beautiful dresses for the ladies and fair or humble outfits for the men, depending on their characters, of course. As for the music and the acting, I essential admit I was massively Impressed.I had never watched an opera before, but I had seen lots of plays. Nevertheless, this has been my favorite so far. The music was outstanding. Every time bingle of the weave members started to sing, I felt out of this world. They had an Impressive talent and strain ability, and the orchestra also did an amazing Job. Moreover, the acting was superb. They were all really charming and committed. The cast had the power to bring me from laughter to tears In Just a second. Alleles damper Is definitely an opera that I would go watch once more If possible. It was terrific

Childhood Obesity: A Problem in Low Income Families Essay

in that location ar multiple reasons wherefore utter income families produce kidren on the limit of corpulency. Children with two make watering p arnts or with a single p argonnt perplex limited approach path to goodish home cooked meals. Pargonnts working odd hours in economic crisis recompenseing jobs and unable to find the m to cook home cooked meals way of life children in those offset income families are all eating prepack erad meals or eating take out farther too lots which is un reasoning(a). The affordability and the accessibility of nutritional regimens from market terminals and ulcerous cheap nourishments from fast food restaurants is just a few examples of why child corpulency in execrable income families is on a rise. childhood obesity low-downlife lead to lifelong eating and health problems. there is withal a problem with the oerlook of somatogenetic actives in low income neighborhoods as children often fall apartt founder places to proceeding. The epidemic that is childishness obesity in America but especially in low income neighborhoods are a incident that faecal matter non be ignored and must be intercommunicate before these children are effected form lifelong implications. corpulency in children is defined as a be Mass Index at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and charge match to a chart put out by the centralize of Disease keep back and Prevention.The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2011) calculates Body Mass Index using a childs weight, height, and age. This is una resembling than calculating a Body Mass Index for adults as age does non matter for adults, only the height and weight. There are some(prenominal) reasons and combinations of reasons why children become obese. Genetics can play a utilization but childishness obesity is habitually caused by a drop of physical occupation, unhealthy eating patterns resulting in excess energy intake, or a combi nation of the two. (U.S. subdivision of Health and Human Resource). lots of childhood obesity can be stoped and those who already suffer from obesity can make changes to miss weight and be healthy. It is important for at essay children and their parents to understand the severity of the topic of childhood obesity. There are outstanding health ventures for those children suffering from obesity.Lets Move is a political relation program launched by the first lady, Michelle Obama, as a part of the tax force for childhood obesity chair Obama had created as talked about on the Lets Move website.On their site there is a list of health issues associated with childhood obesity. Research shows children who are obese can develop heart disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, plus conjugation problems and back pain from the strain on the body carrying extra weight. There is also mental health to consider for obese children. Depression and mixer issues are often found in childre n suffering from obesity (Lets Move). With rising health care costs, the health issues that children can develop ascribable(p) to childhood obesity can hurt the financial position of the already low income and financially hurting families in America. With the invention of video games, computers, the net, and television system viewing on a rise, its no wonder why, professorship Obama stated on the ashen House website Nearly one third gear of children in America are overweight or obese a rate that has tripled in adolescents and more(prenominal) than doubled in younger children since 1980. This is why childhood obesity is a serious issue that inquires to be considered by parents, doctors and teachers. With children being left at home alone by and by school due to parents having to work multiple low paying jobs in low income neighborhoods, children are non told what not to eat and are not blendting exercise. The internet being such an intergraded part of todays life childre n are often spending untold of their free meter on the computer rather than playing outside with friends. The lack of exercise is a vast reason why children now are more obese than in previous generations.From data found in propagation M2 Media in the Lives of 8-18 Year Olds by Henry J. Kaiser Foundation (January 2010) It is said that children are spending approximately 7.5 hours using entertainment media, 4.5 hours watching TV, 1.5 hours on the computer, and over an hour playing video games daily. This is partly because older children are often home alone after school while their parents are working. The fact that many children are either left alone while parents work or are left in childcare makes it difficult for parents to square off what a child is eating. Sixty-nine percent of children under age 5 with low-income working mothers are cared for regularly by someone other a parent. Thirty-nine percent of these children are in care for at least 35 hours a week. (The Urban Inst itute ). This content that children are not being monitored by parentsabout what they eat and how much they ate during the day. The play of obese children in low income families in America is on a rise, 1 of 7 low-income, preschool-aged children is obese according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). According to the Clinton Foundation nearly 25 million children are overweight or obese. Also they report that in a account of 200 neighborhoods, there were three quantify as many supermarkets in wealthy neighborhoods as in poor neighborhoods leaving fast food restaurants as the most convenient meal options for low income families.Children from low income families are far more resemblingly to suffer from childhood obesity due to the lack of supermarkets available, due to the affordability of nutritious foods, due to the lack of government financing for supporter programs, along with many other divisors. umpteen organizations have make research on the subject of childhood obesity in low income families. Some sources have found connections between things like the number of mart stores in comparison to convenient stores and fast food places in low income neighborhoods. For example the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) say that according to their research Supermarket access is associated with a reduced risk for obesity. Convenient store wont offer variety and healthy blank foods to those families that do it in low income neighborhoods. It is easy to see how there can be a link between childhood obesity and the limited access to grocery stores. Fresh fruits and vegetables are crucial part of eating healthy and losing weight. When low income families are unable to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables due to not having stores that would supply them, there is a risk of obesity due to the lack of options. Those with annual inglesidehold income less than $24,000 reported problems accessing affordable fresh fruits and vegetable s 2.5 times as frequently than those with incomes between $60,000 and $89,999 (13.8 percent vs. 5.7 percent) (Food Research and Action Center, 2010).The journal of the American Medical Association says Among older non-Hispanic white children, children in families with low income were significantly more likely to be overweight than children in families with higher(prenominal) income. as a result to one of their many studies on childhood obesity. Though obesity rates are often talked about in the news both on TV or online, not much is offered to assist the cake of obesity or how to effectively live healthy to and lose weight in a healthy way. There are solutions out thereand many ways to get the study requisite to prevent obesity. Many organizations created to get the instruction to the public by the internet but it is important for this information to be available to all as not everyone has the ability get the internet. This leaves people most at risk, low income families, with out the information on how to live healthier lives.Educating parents on how to feed their families healthy food are one way to prevent childhood obesity and change the eating habits of children already suffering from obesity. Also, making sure children stick to active, burninging calories by playing sports or riding bicycles, or habitual exercise routines can lower a childs risk of obesity. down in the mouth income families may not be able to afford to recruit their children in sports. The general public call for to get involved by donating cash and volunteering time for after school programs that offer children an alternative from session at home in front of the television eating quarrel food. More free after school programs in poverty potty areas in the United States would lower the number of obese children in this country. If the general public only knew how little of their time and silver is need to line of descent and support these after school actives that make such a huge impact on children and how it would fight a health condition like childhood obesity more people would donate and volunteer.The biggest problem in ending childhood obesity is to get more information to families on how to live healthier and eat healthier. Organizations that already deal with low income families need to offer more information such an idea of what kind of physical activities are needed to be healthy and how often to do them. Also, seek menus with easy, low cost recipes so low income families now how to save money and while still eating right However, this assistance should not control at dish outing low income families as childhood obesity is not only an issue for low income families. There needs to be organizations that get involved in schools systems to give all different level of income families the information needed to live healthy and feed their family good choices. The United States surgical incision of Agriculture has created a site called Choose My P late (2011) which provides sample menus, nutritional facts, ways to manage your weight including different trackers to track weight privation progress, and a solely section of physical activities. There is an abundance of information that parents can use to map out meals, plan activities, and help their children lose weight to prevent obesity and helpthose children already suffering from obesity. As the site states to parents You are your childrens most important role model.Your children pay attention to what you do more than what you say. Parents are the most critical factor in childhood obesity. It is up to the parents to create healthy food for their children. Parents who dont eat healthy themselves are setting bad examples to their children. Much of childhood obesity can end if parents change the way their whole family eats. For low income families that may not be able to always deal healthy foods, there needs to be government assistance to help those who are in need. Both fed eral and local governments need to experience more programs to low income families. Only 5 percent of all low-income families with a full-time, full-year worker receive Temporary Assistance for Needy Families benefits. (The Urban Institute). That needs to change as the cost of food has gone up which means those families that are low income but are trying to do wear out are those that are suffering the most. More of the governments money must be put into programs that help feed low income families to prevent such health problems as childhood obesity. chairman Obama has created a chore force on childhood obesity with the First Lady question a public awareness program outlined on the White Houses website.On the White Houses website the President says Such strategies include updating child nutrition policies in a way that addresses the best available scientific information, ensuring access to healthy, affordable food in schools and communities, as well as increasing physical activi ty and empowering parents and caregivers with the information and tools they need to make good choices for themselves and their families. President Obamas says on the website that his plan is to solve the problem of childhood obesity within a generation so that children born today will reach maturity date at a healthy weight. With the cooperation with local government the Presidents plan could possibly be successful. There is also some other way for the government to step in to end obesity. Some states have already developed laws where there are higher taxes on unhealthy foods. Forty states already have small taxes on sugared beverages and bit foods, but in the past year, Maine and New York have proposed large taxes on sugared beverages, and similar discussions have begun in other states. (Brownell, Frieden, 2009).This would be a good solution for those in higher income levels and if government assistance is aid the lower incomelevels it prevents them falling into old habits of buying the unhealthy foods. With the combination of assistance for low income families and higher taxes on the unhealthy foods, the rate of childhood obesity might drop. With the findings through these government sites and organizations, the result is clear that children from low income families guide to suffer from childhood obesity more than those children from a high income house hold. This research proves the link between income level and obesity in children. Many families are unable to have home cooked meals either because of time limitations or the affordability and access to healthy food. Many families will eat off the clam menu at McDonalds as it is cheaper than buying food at the grocery store.Fast food places offer meals with toys to attract children as well. Children in low income neighborhoods often dont have access to healthy foods like fresh produce. There are also few places for recreation for children in low income neighborhoods. Those children can miss out on phy sical activities that would burn calories preventing obesity. People should be more aware of this issue that Americans, especially the children face. This means addressing the issue of cost of fast food, especially the more unhealthy choices at fast food restaurants, and the grams of fat in these foods. The facts show that children from low income families have fewer choices for healthy food due to the high cost of fresh food in comparison to the affordability of fast food which contributes to child obesity.ReferencesAmerican Medical Association. (2001,October). Low Family Income and Food Insufficiency in Relation to profound in US Children. The journal of the American Medical Association. Retrieved from http//archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?volume=155page=1161 Brownell K.D., Frieden T.R.(2009). Ounces of preventionthe public policy case for taxes on sugared beverages. New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved from http//www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0902392 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, April). A Growing Problem. gravid and Obesity. Retrived from http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/problem.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, April). Basics somewhat Childhood Obesity.Overweight and Obesity. Retrived from http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/basics.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011, April). Data and Statistics Obesity rates among all children in the United States. Overweight and Obesity. Retrived from http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/data.html Food Research and Action Center. (2010) Food Access & Affordability. Retrived from http//frac.org/reports-and-resources/food-hardship-access-to-fruits-and-vegetables/ Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2005, march 9). Generation M2 Media in the Lives of 8-18 Year-olds Report. Retrieved from http//www.kff.org/entmedia/7251.cfm Lets Move (n.d.). Health Problems and Childhood Obesity. Americas Move to Raise a fitter Generation of Kids. Retrieve d from http//www.letsmove.gov/health-problems-andchildhood-obesity The Urban Institute. (2005, August). Low Income Working Families Facts and Figures. Retrieved from http//www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/900832.pdf United States Department of Agriculture Choose My Plate. (2011). Dietary Guidelines Consumer Brochure. Retrieved from http//www.choosemyplate.gov/print-materials-ordering/dietary-guidelines.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources/Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. (n.d.).Childhood Obesity. Retrieved from http//aspe.hhs.gov/health/reports/child_obesity/ William J. Clinton Foundation. (n.d.). Facts About Childhood Obesity. Fighting Childhood Obesity Alliance For A Healthier Generation. Retrived from http//www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/alliance-for-a-healthier-generation/why-childhood-obesity-/facts-about-childhood-obesity White House. (2010, February 09) Presidential Memorandum Establishing a Task Force on Childhood Obesity. Retrieved from. http// www.whitehouse.gov/the-pressoffice/presidential-memorandum-establishing-a-task-force-childhood-obesity

Fact or fiction Essay

Overtime, tales of the wellhead-nigh miniscule historic characters harbour been slowly malformed into tales of gigantic warriors and near perfect individuals. For instance, stories of Jesus Christ from the bible put up always ca phthisisd people to necessitate an image of purity and selflessness, however, saucilyly sight testaments argon beginning to establish a love affair with a women, whom wind children living descendants of Jesus Christ. This is just one of numerous examples that give way been continually misrepresented end-to-end history.Additionally, this raises questions as to whom are the real iconic records that subscribe shaped our memoirs. One of the model Americans is Robert E. downwind, a timeless figure of American history that has widely been altered in versatile publications, however, what ordain remained unchanged is that Robert E. lee(prenominal) is the confessedly symbol of southern Americanism of his time. BACKGROUND parole of Ann Hill Carter, a ladened successor of Scottish Royalty, and Harry lee(prenominal), an beautiful commander in the Revolutionary contend, Robert Edward lee was born in Virginias Westmoreland County on January 19th, 1807.Ann Hill Carter married Harry lee side and produced 5 children during their man and wife enchantment Harry was g everywherenor of Virginia. Throughout the course of their marriage, Harry began drowning the family in debt, thus rendering Robert to take on as head of the sign while his father remained unwilling to stop his overzealous spending habits and inflexible affairs with opposite women. It is undoubted that Robert was the favorite of his mothers children, thus prominent him the authority to make decisions as head of the ho utilizehold and care for his mother.As sometimes happens, the good son strove to be all that his father was not. When Anne was nonsocial he kept her company when she was sick he nursed her in his teens he helped manage the household. His father had been reckless and unfaithful (Epstein 23). After old age of frivolous spending, thus spiraling the family into debt, Harry leeward fled the country and settled in the West Indies where he lived out the rest of his days. Nonetheless, Ann Carter continued to use the remainder of her bequest to support her children.Lacking the money needed to await a university, Robert applied to West point and was granted admittance in 1829. Shortly thereafter, lee(prenominal) as well attended the U. S. Military Academy and have with honors. Due to various malicious gossips that surrounded Roberts family, such as his fathers abandonment and his older brother hydrogens murderous scandal involving Henrys sister-in - constabulary, whom he seduced and produced a child with thus self-aggrandizing him the nickname black horse, it was not easy for Robert to find a companion for himself.Nonetheless, Robert married Mary Anna Randolph Custis in 1831 and together they produced 7 children. From thereon, leeward earned recognition for his role as engineer in the crook of the St. Louis Harbor, as well as his is prevailing passy operations in the Mexican War. As a Virginian aristocrat, Robert lee(prenominal) was already accustomed to the moral philosophy behind thrall, consequently, when his father-in-law, George Washington Custis became ill, downwind took leadership in the distribution of slaves to like plantations.It was Lees understanding that slaves were the foundation of the south, in which many products of patience were necessary for financial survival. This stance was the drive in Robert Lees struggle to maintain the south that he had become habituated to. Although the Lee-Custis families remained relatively courteous and kind to slave families throughout the years, during his leadership in the Civil War, his mien turned from reverential to malicious. Elizabeth Brown Pryor resigns that Lee rented out so many hands that the black community at Arlington was badly fr agmented.The youngest and strongest were chosen to be hired remote because they brought in the enormousest revenue. Worst of all, Lee ruptured the Washington and Custis tradition of respecting slave families. By 1860 he had broken up every family but one on the estate (Nolan 24). In appendage to this testimony, there are scores of other attests to Lees persistent violence towards slaves as well. Although modern Lee patriots have highly scrutinized these testaments, they have been corroborated with consistent authentic eye witness accounts found in various writings.Nevertheless, Lee has been noted for his leadership during the Mexican War in as well as his achievements and calamities during the Civil War. Well educated, yet incapable to produce a strategic victory, Lee is doubtless renowned for his defeat at Gettysburg. The disaster at Gettysburg high set abouts Lees chief shortcoming as a strategist, his lack of the political instinctin the strictest sense, a discernment in wor king with men. Lee was so rigid in his cultism to a hierarchy that he held about of his generals at a distance, ofttimes keeping them in the dark or ignoring their advice.Meanwhile he went vermiculate to Jefferson Davis and the Confederate government for guns, food, and uniformsas if he were scarcely worthywhen he should have demanded the essential materiel, without which his soldiers stood in peril (Epstein 23). After his force command, Lee retreated back to his home in Virginia, where he died in 1870 at the age of 63. LITERATURE REVIEW Rationalizing realism versus simulated characteristics of Robert Lee begins with preceding(prenominal) analysis. Robert E. Lee was born in1807, thus leaving the im chance of retrieving factual breeding from the primary source.Consequently, interpretation of fact from fiction lies within previous texts and comparability of those texts against each other. umteen contemporary authors such as Carl Moneyhon report that In his foreword, the editor of this collection of articles justifies this volume as an effort to break away from the paradigm of scholarship that has produced what he considers to be a stale rehashing of arguments over the merits of the generalship of Robert E. Lee. The core of the interpretive problem, in Peter S.Carmichaels view, is the goal of many recent studies to begin with assumptions based upon generalizations made over seventy years ago in Douglas Southall Freemans works, then to use Freemans own evidence to challenge his conclusions Carmichael suggests that a new scholarship might emerge if scholars return to primary Lee-related manuscript sources. The sixer articles that follow are unified by that effort, beginning with the contemporary Lee rather than the Lee created by Freeman (777). Moneyhons elucidation of other authors works disp redact the bias between authors, most of which erratically render Lee as the patron saint of the south. many another(prenominal) publications regarding Lee have rend ered him as somewhat mythological, while others have sundry(a) him as a failing general, one whom orchestrated many mistakes. correspond to Alan T. Nolan, There is little need to belabor the fact of Lees heroic, almost superhuman, national stature, which has steadily enlarged since the war years. Writing in 1868, Fanny Dowling described Lee as bathed in the white light which falls directly upon him from the smile of an approving and sustaining God (4-5). Many Lee loyalist have portrayed him as a god-like creature, attaining purity and perfection, however, others deemed him anything but.Regarding the termination of slavery, condescension its unethical perspective, as a Virginian aristocrat, Lee was accustomed to slavery for all of his life, however, considering his reverential conduct towards slaves before the war, it is alarming that Lees behavior took such an impulsive change during and after the war. For instance, despite praises of committal and kindness in respect to slaves under Lees orders since his proficiency of George Washington Custiss estate, narratives of harsh lashings and slave separation from their families are mottled through historical accounts of Lees alleged almsgiving and empathy.Epstein states that Because the Custis will entailed that land should be sold to pay debts and legacies, and did not state that such obligations should take precedence over freeing the slaves, Lees conduct is disturbing. Even more chilling is the 1859 testimony of one Wesley Norris, a slave who ran away from Arlington with his sister Mary to Westminster, Maryland. They were caught and imprisoned, and returned in chains. When Lee asked wherefore they had run away, Norris said that they believed they were free.Lee replied that he would teach us a lesson we would never forget. Leading them to the barn, he gave orders to his overseer McQuinn to strip the slaves to the waists, tie them to posts, and assume fifty lashes to the man and twenty to the girl. When M cQuinn refused to take up the lash, Dick Williams, a county constable was called in, who gave us the number of lashes ordered Lee, in the meantime, stood by, and frequently enjoined Williams to lay it on well. When Williams was done, Lee ordered the overseer to wash the bleeding slaves with brine (24).Many Lee scholars do not like to explore the possibility that Lee was cruel towards slaves as this attribute disrupts the harmony of assimilated perfection of Lees character, however, these accounts of vindictiveness reassure Lees less god-like capabilities. Additionally, in with regard to military expertise, Lee scholars are divided as well on this issue concluding that most of Lees military career is focused more or less the failure of Civil War expeditions, while others concur that Lee exerted the symbol of a genuine collaborator liberator.It is uncontroversial that Lee was very well educated and skilled in military delegations, however, most of Lees military career is focused around the failure of thus overshadowing the more positive aspects of his military career. In the battle of Gettysburg, Lee was very careless thus ruining the lives of the men in his regime. Ballard states that Lee could have and should have won (948). Lee carelessly unmake his regime during the Battle of Gettysburg, by not waiting for incoming supplies that were to be given to his regimes depleted arsenal.His soldiers were starved and malnutrition and did not have the proper weaponry for combat, thus presenting an easy victory for the union. (Adams 66). Moreover, despite how impertinent accounts represent Lee, most scholars such as Gallagher agree that In a conflict often characterized, whether accurately or not, as the first abundant modern war, the Confederate commander frequently appears as a soldier of considerable martial gifts who harkened back to an earlier time.Lee is cast as a man who thought of the struggle in terms of protect his own state rather advancing the cause of the entire Confederacy, hammer a personal bond with his soldiers reminiscent of feudal relationships, focused on winning set-piece battles without taking in the broader political and social landscape of a modern war, and failed to understand the implications of new weaponry such as the rifle-musket (295). most(prenominal) importantly is to include the feelings of others that admired Lee from enemy lines as those of the North.Although commonly, enemies do not sing the praises of each other, this is not the case in those towards Lee. In fact, many northerners admired lee for a number of reasons as is told as such He possessed every virtue of other great commanders without their vices. He was a foe without hate a friend without deception a soldier without cruelty a victor without oppression and a victim without murmuring. He was a public officer without vices a hole-and-corner(a) citizen without wrong a neighbor without reproach a Christian without prevarication and a man with out guile.He was a Caesar without his ambition Frederick without his tyranny snooze without his selfishness and Washington without his reward. He was obedient to authority as a servant, and kinglike in authority as a dead on target king. He was benignant as a woman in life modest and unalloyed as a virgin in thought watchful as a Roman vestal in duty submissive to law as Socrates and grand in battle as Achilles (Warrior and Gentlemans Gentleman 39). Although this excerpt seems a little over dramatized, it does reflect Lees impinge on realistic people versus overly high-sounding scholarly accounts, thus rendering Lee as a true individual of his time.CONCLUSION In conclusion, Robert Edward Lee, born in 1807 to Ann Hill Carter, wealthy Scottish heiress, and Harry Lee, the former Virginia Governor. Whilst his family endured many problematic episodes, including financial hardships despite their mothers dwindled fortune due to his fathers erratic spending habits, and his brothers He nrys alleged murder of his illegitimate child, Lee prevailed in most of his endeavors, including his role in the Mexican War. However, undisputable evidence exhibits the differentiating portrayals of General Robert Edward Lee.Many scholars initiate depictions of a true southern liberator to maintain the south as it was during the early 1800s, whilst others disagree as to the true characteristics of Lee as such(prenominal) less than pure and holy. Nonetheless, both portions of testaments enable the true disposition of Robert Lee as he was. For instance, as a Victorian aristocrat, Lee understood the ethics of labor that slavery entailed, however, Lees attitude changed throughout the course of the war.Instead of maintaining the healthy relationships between slaves and Lee, he separated the families and also assisted in harsh beating of slaves, thus severing the at a time tight-knit relationship between the two. Also, in terms of Lees military endeavors, Lee was skilled, however, most ly unprepared for his battles in the Civil War. For example, in the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee was strategically unprepared for the battle, consequently costing the confederate army its most important mission.However, this did not deterred Lee from admitting his faults for his role in losing the battle, which shoes humility for his wins and losses. Finally after many interpretations of literary works, the true formation of Robert E. Lee is quite clear. A Victorian aristocrat he was, accustomed to the south as it was and its dependence on slavery, he maintained humility, strength, and most of all, leadership. Lee was not pure, nor holy, however, he was a man of God, family, and entreat for the southern beliefs, and he preserved those relationships simultaneously.WORKS CITED Adams, Michael C. C. Review Essay Robert E. Lee and Perspective over Time. Civil War History. 49 (2003) 64-70. Ballard, Michael B. Robert E. Lee moving-picture show for a Nation. Journal of Southern History. 7 6 (2006) 947-949. Epstein, Daniel M. Who Cares about Robert E. Lee. New criterion Sept. 2007 22+. Gallagher, Gary W. An Old-Fashioned Soldier in a Modern War Robert E. Lee as Confederate General. Civil War History. 45(1999) 295. Lee, Robert E. Recollections and garner of General Robert E. Lee .Westminster, 1904. Moneyhon, Carl H. Audacity Personified The Generalship of Robert E. Lee The Historian. 67 (2005) 777-780. Nolan, Alan T. Lee Considered General Robert E. Lee and Civil War History. North Carolina North Carolina Press, 1991. Robert E. Lee. UXL Newsmakers. (2005) mystify Articles. 28 Feb. 2008 . Warrior and Gentlemans Gentleman Despite Being a Battle-Hardened General, Robert E. Lee Never Lost His Most Admirable Trait His homage to God, Friends, Duty, and Honor. The New American. 23 July 2007 33- 39.

Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist

Functionalist and emblematical Interactionist Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist SO1050 Sociology Functionalist, overly known as structural functionalism because of its views on the ship canal brotherly structures accompanies fond needs. In vista, functionalism structures amicable influences by what is visible and in demand now. ( unconditioned. com/Sociology)Functionalism has been criticized for downplaying the role of exclusive action, and for being unable to account for social change. In the functionalist perspective, society and its institutions be the primary units of analysis.Individuals are significant still in legal injury of their places within social systems (i. e. , social status and side in patterns of social relations). Functionalists ware been disputed because of its terms of how socialism is accounted, because of how it lacks the die hard and accredited ability of wholenesss actions and how socialization transforms during its process. Functionalis t is the oldest scheme alone the most popular one used to determine groups because of its basic terms toward how social groups react and functions of how the mind and body works.The structure of how people move with others and the ability to fit in certain groups are determined by the mind state of acceptability. When evaluating functionalism it is more of a hypothesis that could be proven right or wrong in its factor of determining how society works when it comes to separate and organizations of people by characteristics. (Boundless. com/Sociology)Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building possibleness that sees society as a labyrinthian system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.Symbolic Interactionist, known also as symbolic interaction perspective, is a form of social grouping based on how people are force repletey placed into groups, events and social organizations. Unlike functionalism, Symbolic Interactionist believes that peer pressure and environmental exposure has often effect over socialization and its developments. People adapt and form social lifestyles by what they are exposed to, such as cigarette smoking, drinking, dating, etcetera When ressured into doing something for the first time just to have some forms of acceptance, people run for to try things and develop habitual behaviors that are introduced by peers. (Anderson, M. L. and Taylor, H. F. , 2009). Critics of this theory subscribe that symbolic interactionism neglects the macro level of social interpretationthe big picture. In other words, symbolic Interactionist may miss the larger issues of society by focusing too closely on the trees rather than the forest.The perspective also receives criticism for slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. The theory of Symbolic Interactionalist has been criticized because critics believe that it focused too much on individuals and how they react to personal focuss of how people react to wanting to be a part of a group and/or organization, that it lacked the focus of how groups and organizations are developed based on its biological influences.I believe that the symbolic theory has a better and clearer perspective of all theories because it focuses on how peer pressures and environmental behaviors has its influences on people as individuals, which eventually becomes a group or organization of socialization when manipulated by the growth of numbers. Functionalists do make a great point about how everything works together as one unit when it comes to social groups and the coordination of how socialism is formed.I do not agree with the full aspect of functionalists but the co-ordinance of its concept does make some sense. Symbolic Interactionalist forms its theory by reviewing probable causes using surroundings and its peers as a way of understanding social formations. I choose the Symbolic Theory because of its ev enhandedly accuracy of how groups and organizations are formed and past down from generation to generation.I do believe peers and a persons environmental surroundings have much to do with social connections and how its functions are developed. Reference Boundless. com- https//www. boundless. com/sociology/understanding-sociology/theoretical-perspectives-in-sociology/functionalist-perspective/ Copyright 2011-2012, Boundless Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Anderson, M. L. and Taylor,

Early Childhood Influences Your Outcome in Life Essay

In the early years of your clawhood, is the duration when you gain close to of your traits that leave behind engender you who you ar for the rest of your keep. Whether your p bents held you enough when you be a kid back tooth determine if you are successful in life sentence, or if you drop discover of soaring naturalise and start beating your wife and kids. If you t from each one your kids when they are little to tie their shoes or to offer their name than they are more promising to like school, your culture can determine whether they do well in school or if they get dressedt understand from the beginning. Some researchers say that if you have a goodness parent that loves you, sp closings time with you, or well if they re all in ally just admirer you out while you are a child your child has a better chance at doing well at school because they arent starting so far behind. If you have a broken in scotch standing than child usually just fall back into the gangs, o r drugs because they wear downt have the subscribe to stop and get out. Your consequent in life al almost always stems from how you are treated as a child.When you start school you are thrown into a miscellany of pile, some can read already and write while others dont even know their name. If you start kindergarten and you are already so far behind than its enceinte to catch back up. If the child wasnt shown their names before because their parents didnt help them very a hand while they were increment up. If as a parent you isolate your children by non educating them or leaving them by themselves while doing homework than theyre sack to have a hard time trying to symbol out what to do, and they know that their parents arent there to check in on the homework. Michael Thompson, Ph.D. A parent may be working out of the home, or take up to be working in the home and cooking dinner. So if you are home, stay close, and if you are not there, have another big(a) check to make sure its liberation OK.And remember that all homework is not equal, so not everything willing need your rapturous attention. Research says that you need to have some interaction while the child is doing their homework. Whenever you send the children away to school yes they are away nevertheless you need to help and stay aware because it isnt always the students fault that they are getting in trouble maybe they just dont understand something or the teacher isnt explaining it the way they need to learn it. As a parent you need to help your children out because it will affect their outcome in life, because if every time they try and pick up a question and the teacher yells at them obviously they arent going to ask but if as a parent they stay informed with the teacher than the parent can help on the home end too.Socioeconomic standing is very of the essence(p) to how a child will develop. In low socioeconomic areas there is very poor education, low parental control, and a tall gang/violence rate. If you are brought up with only knowing the life of the streets you have a higher(prenominal)er helping of staying there. This is because you are born into it, if you have the ability to go to a high achieving school get good grades and have peers that do the same therefore obviously you are going to do better.For an drill I inserted the represent above if you are born into a higher-class family you are more than likely going to stay there, but if you are born into a trim class family you are more likely to stay there (graph free-base on Youre Born Into It America sited in the bibliography). There is the display case of gang violence, which is an element that thrives in the lower class it gives power, brotherhood, family and m wholenessy. multitudes are a large part of what hold some of the brightest people back. In atomic number 20 alone males ranging from 7th-12th grade 50.9% of males were associated with gangs that was in 2010. Living in a socioecon omically depressed region makes it hard enough to get out and make it on your own but the fact that there are gangs influencing these minor league go away and right make it even harder.A great example of someone put forwarding out of a socioeconomically depressed similarity is Julian Castro who was the first Latino keynote speaker at the parliamentary National Convention. Castro was raised in San Antonio by a single acquire who worked her hardest to proved all she could for her two sons. Julian and his brother Joaqun twain worked very hard to get out of their depressed area so that they could provide for their mother. They both graduated from high school and were accepted to Stanford, wherefore to Harvard. These to Hispanics made the choice to be hard working and expand their capture on living, they knew there was more to life than not having anything.One of the primary(prenominal) reasons they were able to do so well is that their mother and grandmother helped them as ve ry much as they could. Julian became the first keynote speaker to be a Latino because he indispensabilityed to beat the odds he did not want to end up like the people he saw around him. Another great story is chair Barak Obamas he was born in Hawaii, his father and mother both left him to be brought up by his grandparents. They did not have very much money and Barry had to find his own way to pay for college since no one set that up for him. Obama had a very hard life growing up, working multiple jobs, keeping his grades up, studying for tests and trying to get scholarships so he could go to college.He did it though, and now he is the most important man in the United States and possibly the world. He worked his way out of the life he had as a child and did not want that life for his future children. In president Obamas speech by and by the 2012 election he said you, the American people, reminded us that while our course has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have pic ked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the united states of America, the best is yet to come. He was speaking of each persons individual journey in this country, you have the choice to grow up and try and your hardest to make a better life for yourself even if your parents are not there all the time.The U.S.s census bureau describe that around 30% of families in America are being headed by a single parent. These houses may be dysfunctional and doomed to disappointment (usg.org) but many people that have grown up in a single parent home have had just as much attention as someone that has two parents. In America, 22 million children have a one-parent household, a mother runs 83% of those houses and half of those mothers do not receive any type of child support to help out. Not receiving child support have put 70% of single parent moms in poverty making on fair(a) $13,00 annually. Currently there are over 9.8 million mothers as a single pa rent. Living in that type of poverty is hard to do but plenty of people are able to do it and grow up and become an amazing person with a great future. The people who say that because they live in poverty they are always going to be poor are going to stay there because it takes hard work and dedication to grow out of the socioeconomically depressed neighborhood you grew up in.In 2000 the National Assessment of Educational Progress effect that 90% of 4th grade parents participated in parent-teacher conferences among the 8th grade that number dropped to about 57%. recruits believe that once you are in heart school you can do your homework by yourself because the parents are not helpful since they do not remember it themselves. In master(a) school parents are totally problematical since everyone is still a child but you do not grow out of adolescence till you are 18 because you are not a legal adult so parents should be helping their children out till they are a senior in high sch ool because that is why you have parents.Many schools do not even reach out to a parent if their child is failing or being suspended, because well they are an adult now. It is said that most children who have a strong parental backing through high school will do better in college. The students who have a parent helping them choose the road they follow 97% of the time make better choices when it comes to drugs, sex and partying in college. In Isanti County only 69% of parents attend conferences while the percent for lower grades is higher. Researchers say its because in elementary schools teachers have on average 20-30 children total while middle and high school teachers have over 120 students so its a lot harder to keep in touch with parents. That is why parents need to stay involved with their childs education.Your childhood has influences on your outcome in life of course but you can change the out come of your life and make it what ever you want it to be. Being born into poverty does not mean you have to stay there the rest of your life. Parental matter and personal goals are how you change your outcome. Obama and the Castro twins are perfect depictions of how goals that are met can make you what ever you would like to become.ReferencesBarack Obama animation Facts, Birthday, Life drool Biography.com . (n.d.). Famous Biographies & TV Shows Biography.com. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//www.biography.com/people/barack-obama-12782369?page=3 Julian Castro Biography Facts, Birthday, Life Story Biography.com. (n.d.). Famous Biographies & TV Shows Biography.com. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http//www.biography.com/people/julian-castro-20967527 2011National Gang Threat Assessment Emerging Trends. (n.d.). FBI. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/2011-national-gang-threat-assessment 774,000 gang members and 27,900 gangs active in the US Crime raws Crime in America.Net. (n.d.). Crime in America.Net Crime, ruby-red Crime, Criminals, Crime News, Statistics and Research. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//crimeinamerica.net/2010/04/01/774000-gang-members-and-27900-gangs-active-in-the-us-crime-news/ Adolescence Are Parents Relevant to Students High School Achievement and Post-Secondary achievement? / Browse Our Publications / Publications & Resources / HFRP Harvard Family Research Project. (n.d.). HFRP Home / HFRP Harvard Family Research Project. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//www.hfrp.org/publications-resources/browse-our-publications/adolescence-are-parents-relevant-to-students-high-school-achievement-and-post-secondary-attainment Elementary, r. U. (n.d.). Reports of Gang Membership, by sexual practice and Grade Level 2008-2010 Kidsdata.org . Kidsdata Data and Resources about the Health of Children . Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http//www.kidsdata.org/data/ guinea pig/table/gang-gender.aspx?f=1&loc=2,127,347,1763,331,348,336,171,321,345,357,332,324,369,3 58,362,360,337,327,364,356,217,353,328,354,323,352,320,339,334,365,343,330,367,344,355,366,368,265,349,361,4,273,59,370,326,333,322,3 Helping With Homework. (n.d.). PBS. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http//www.pbs.org/parents/goingtoschool/helping_homework.html Living With One Parent Vertical Thought United Church of God. (n.d.). United Church of God. Retrieved November 12, 2012, from http//www.ucg.org/marriage-and-family/living-one-parent/ President Obamas Election Night Speech Video Feature NYTimes.com. (n.d.). The New York Times Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/11/06/us/politics/06-obama-election-night-speech.html Sias, E. (n.d.). Concerns discussed with low parent-teacher conference attendance in Braham The Isanti County News. The Isanti County News. Retrieved November 8, 2012, from http//isanticountynews.com/2012/11/20/concerns-discussed-with-low-parent-tea

Absolutism and Baroque Art in 17th Century

atomic number 63 in the 17th century was a upright in upheaval. Even this early on, it must be acknowledged that what was respectable said ignore be considered as an understatement. There is just non enough space and enough phraseology to describe the depth and sweep changes occurring at that succession. The trans gaination from Medieval Europe into Industrialized Europe loafer be likened to birth pangs painful experiences that would vector sum in something amazing if ace(a) can tho go through the ordeal.In this period of turbulence in that respect are devil ideas and concepts that until now has caught the imagination of historians and art connoisseurs a) Absolutism (political/religious) and b) churrigueresco (art). The complexity of these two names offers a glimpse into a Europe emerging from slumber and into a collection of states that will rule the world. This report card will look into the relationship of absolutism and churrigueresco art in the context of the e vents that shaped 17th century Europe.At the end of the study the interest questions will be answered1. What barely is absolutism?2. What is churrigueresque art?3. What exactly is the relationship between absolutism and churrigueresco art?Absolutism For a 21st century American, a simple understanding of absolutism whitethorn be a form of rule that is anti-democratic. The modern world is so used to freedom of speech, freedom to assemble/protest and fin tout ensembley talent to choose its own leaders. Thus, anything that parades the opposite is ofcourse absolutism. precisely an surgical definition of absolutism is problematic. number 1 of all there is an extreme difficulty tracing its origins and how it developed. According to dickhead Wilson, in his book, Absolutism in Central Europe, There seems slender agreement as to when it emerged, what drove it forward, whether it progressed through distinct phases and when it came to an end (2000, p. 10). But historians could not be denied. Many had pointed to the end of the Thirty Years War, as the beginning of the age of absolutism.Wilson elaborated on this timeline when he wrote The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 not only concluded the Thirty Years War in a major European peace settlement confirming France as a major power, but strengthened the German princes by modify the authority of the Holy papistic Emperor (2000, p. 12). Absolutism therefore is a diversity phase between the Dark Ages and the coming capitalist society. And to modify it much gain ground, absolutism existed as a real form of monarchy, harmonise to Wilson (2000, p. 11).It is now easy to understand that this word form of rule which was exemplified by France, can find its origins in the past monarchial systems that ruled Europe and this include the display of unequivocal power by an infallible pope. Politics and Art The linkup between Baroque art and absolutism is subtle. There is no make that can show that Kings had a direct hand in create this art form. Still, the force that propagated it and encouraged it to flourish comes from leadership soaked in absolute power.This is because the line that connects absolutism and Baroque art is the term counter-reformation. It would be helpful to take one step backwards and see the outgrowth of counter-reformation and the subsequent use of an art form as a pleasant of information disseminating tool. It quickly developed into a fashionable thing for Kings to despoil in collecting Baroque art and commissioning artists to create the same. Baroque Art The cultural product of the 17th century Europe was exposit as Baroque (Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005, p. 569).Kleiner and Mamiya then added that it is, a convenient blanket term. However, this term is problematic because the period encompasses a broad range of developments, both historical and artistic, across an expansive geographic area (2005, p. 569). Since it is impossible to have an accurate description of Baroque art that will give justice to all art contribute done in this period, then it would be better to condole with oneself with a basic understanding of Baroque through Mary Mariens work.In Flemings Arts and Ideas, Marien remarked that in this technique there is more vehemence on forceful striving and restless motion as contrasted to calm and repose (2004, p. 359). Mariend added that, Grandeur and magnificence prevailed in the baroque arts. Emperors, kings, popes, and princes vied with one another to attract great artists to their courts by offering large commissions (2004, p. 359). Counter-Reformation The demand and the directive to use baroque arts in the Counter-Reformation was traced by Klein and Zerner.It emanated from the headquarter of the Roman Catholic Church and they wrote, In reaction to the Protestants attacks against images, the Council of Trent, restating the ideas of the 15th century Catholic Reformation, required art to regain haughtiness in its forms and coherence (Klein & Zerner, 1966, p. 119). But the effect of baroque arts was not merely to create icons that are proper and dignified. It was able to move volume by the way the subjects are portrayed.Reich and Cunningham elaborated on this and they wrote Carvaggios work is emotional and dominated by strong contrasts of light and darkness. Annibale Carracci cayed scenes of suit and splendor Rembrandt used strong contrast of light and dark to paint deeply felt religious scenes(2005, p. 195). Conclusion Attempting to define both Baroque art and absolutism proved to be problematic for the proponent since the two terms were used to describe a wide range of developments in 17th century arts and politics.Still, it was ascertained that absolutism is a form of monarchial rule that existed after Europe emerged from the Medieval Period. It was also a transition phase from the feudal type of governing the land to the more in advance(p) nations states and unto the more recent capitalistic society of Europe. Around the same time that this kind of governance was used in Europe of which France was the prime typeface of a more distinguishable absolutism there were other events and movements that could be indirectly linked to said form of governance.In reaction to an earlier kind of absolutism of which the Holy Roman Emperor was the prime example Protestantism was the result of the discontentment of such rule. The counter-reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the act of divide the church in two is a program called counter-reformation. In join it was a method aimed at strengthening Roman Catholics remaining strongholds at the same time actively defending the Catholic Church from further incursions by the Protestants.Baroque was one of the major tools used to display the superiority of the Roman Catholics, as opposed to the crudeness of the breakaway sect. But it was not only the Church who realized its importance, the rich and royalty spared no expense in collecting and commissioni ng artists to produce one. Thus, there were two ways that Baroque art became a utilitarian tool in relation to those wielding absolute power. With regards to the Catholic Church an explanation was already given earlier. Concerning royalty, the nobility and cockeyed merchants, it was a way of displaying opulence and status.ReferencesReich, J. & Cunningham, L. (2005). Cultures and Values A Survery of the Humanities. CA Thomson Wadsworth. Marien, M. (2004). Flemings Arts and Ideas. CA Thomson Wadsworth. Kimmel, M. (1988). Absolutism and Its Discontents State and Society in ordinal Century France and England. New Jersey Transaction, Inc. Kleiner, F. & Mamiya, C. (2005). Gardners Art Through the Ages The western Perspective. CA Thomson Wadsworth. Wilson, P. (2000). Absolutism in Central Europe. New York Routledge.

Peter Cratchit Essay

dickens reveals his feelings about the magnificence of children and family in earthly concernhoody ways. He vividly describes to us in several(prenominal) prospects, children and family enjoying themselves on Christmas despite their poverty, for example the Cratchit family scenes. However in contrast to this he also destines children hopelessly suffering on the streets, for instance the ignorance and want scene and the surplus population scene. fiend writes in a per intelligenceal, conversational and turned on(p) way. He has the imagination and the creativity of a child.His title of theme challenged the views of Victorians, who disapproved of the enormousness of children and family. In Victorian times the society was declining so practically that they had build workhouses and prisons for poor families and the surplus population to live in. daimon style of writing is very unique and inventive. It is unlike any other Victorian beginnings who wrote in a manlier like attitu de. They werent as excited or excitable as two was. Unlike Victorians hellion writes with the imagination and creativity of a child, whilst still writing the novel in a professional and flourishing manner.He uses effective similes and metaphors to create almost ridiculous imagery, for example when Dickens describes a house in a neighbourhood, he describes it as, playing at hide and realisek with other houses. This description would surprise many Victorians commentators. Dickens made Victorians conjecture, why is Charles Dickens a respected popular author writing as though he is a child? Dickens perhaps writes his descriptions in this manner because he wants Victorians to know that children are in truth cleverer then what they are credited for.Dickens fully believes that children should be leave office to unleash all their childish energy at times much(prenominal) as Christmas. Dickens creates a scene full of fun and excitement. When he writes, What would I not gull given to be one of them this is a personal comment, typical of Dickens friendly, honest, conversational style. The Victorian readers would be impress and slightly surprised by a grown man admitting to having such childlike impulses. Dickens describes children and family who enjoy Christmas despite their poverty. This is clearly shown in the first off of the Cratchit scenes where he shows the family ecstatic with excitement and joy.This ecstatic energy and excitement is shown when slender Tim was at the dinner table curiously waiting for his Christmas lunch, he head for the hills on the table with the handle of his knife. This description makes the reader think that even off piffling Tim, of all children, persists to be active and enjoy Christmas. This is uprising due to the fact of circumstantial Tims disabilities. Dickens also portrays how welcome the Cratchits are for the things they have. The Cratchits are not troubled with the miniature amount of fodder they have in their Christmas lunch, instead they are satisfied and content with it.This is shown when Dickens allows the reader to know what thoughts are there inside the minds of the Cratchits, nobody utter or thought it was at all a small pud for a outstanding family. Dickens uses another technique to portray his message, this technique is called irony. He writes the phrase, small pudding for a large family, just to show to the readers how undersized the pudding would have really been compared to the amount needed for the family. Of nuisance the Cratchits would think the pudding was small but there is so much family strength and appreciation that none of them actually minded the size of the pudding.Tiny Tim is an extremely important character in the novel. His character represents unfortunate and change children enjoying themselves at a time like Christmas. Although Tiny Tim is crippled and is on the edge of spiritedness he is still enthusiastic and grateful for the life given to him by God. A t the end of the novel Dickens shows Tiny Tims importance and affection to others by him saying, God Bless us, every(prenominal) One. Dickens writes these words with all capital letters in them to show the significance of the phrase. The death of Tiny Tim is a very cast down event which occurs in the novel.Dickens uses a personal and emotional style of writing to describe Tiny Tims death. It is as if though Dickens realises Tiny Tims death as soon as the readers do, The discolour? Ah poor Tiny Tim The Cratchit family are no longer described as cheerful and as ecstatic as they were in the first Cratchit scene. alternatively Dickens describes dockage Crachit in the second scene as, a man whose face was care-worn, to describe what used to be a joyful man in the first scene. The death of Tiny Tim has a very large impact on the Crachit familys atmosphere.Although the Crachits are deeply upset and low-spirited in the second scene they still persist to show the analogous family stre ngth they had in the first scene. Every member in the family gaze each other no matter what the situation is like. For instance when Bob Cratchit says you were a good wife, straight after the remark his son Peter Cratchit says everybody knows that This is an indication of the immense respect the family members have towards each other. boor is delighted when the first spirit takes him back to the past to show tyke when he was a child at school.Scrooge is ecstatic to see his former self, this is indicated to the reader when Dickens describes the atmosphere, a thousand odours were floating in the air with joy. Dickens describes Scrooges journey to his childhood in such a positive way, this makes the reader realise that even Scrooge, a man who hates children, is delighted to see him back as a child. Scrooge wishes he was still a child and resents all the wanted times where he has wasted his life on. Scrooge, a solitary smooth man even cries when he sees himself as a boy again, he lets emotion take over him unlike ever before.This is pointed out to the reader when Dickens describes Scrooges actions and dialogue after drying his eyes with his cuffs Its too late now to be a child. As Scrooge sees his own childhood it changes his attitude towards children, he becomes more emotional and this makes Scrooge realise what a stubborn ignorant man he has become. This is shown to the readers when Scrooge shared his feelings to the spirit, there was a boy singing Christmas chirp at my door blend in night. I should have liked to have given him something. Thats all.The reader gets a feeling that perchance Scrooge is feeling guilty of not giving the boy anything last night. Slowly the spirit is opening gateways into Scrooges mind do Scrooge more emotional and less ignorant. Fred and his uncle Scrooge have a very mixed relationship. It is obvious that Fred likes his uncle because he talks proudly of him, he also defends his uncles name when other people are mocking Scr ooge. In one of the scenes Fred says to a crowd of people, A merry Christmas and a happy new year to the old man, whatever he is

Singin in the Rain

Jenna Zeringo Singin in the precipitate In 1952 element Kelly and Stanley wear uponen directed MGMs musical comedy comedy Singin in the Rain. Fifty five years later in 2007 it ranked add five on the American Film Institute list of rock of Greatest Films. Its evocative to Americans and is generally considered the best Hollywood musical inject it was not a Broadway production until several years later. ingredient Kelly not only directed the classic but he in like manner choreographed and starred in it as Don Lockwood. Debbie Reynolds played the part of Lockwoods love interest Kathy Selden.Major roles included Donald OConnor as Genes best friend and pianist Cosmo Brown and Jean Hagen as Lina Lamont. Based in 1920s before sound was available to locomote pictures the basis of the romantic musical comedy was about turning a film into a talkie, essentially a film with sound. Don Lockwood plays opposite Lina Lamont in the big screen, but her harsh tacky critical point just didnt c ut it in the recording booth. Kathy Selden, a emit girl Lockwood met in two extraordinary instances is given the chance to nickname over Lina with her singing voice and in secret make a musical.Lockwood and Kathy eventually fall in love. There are many elements that brought this film together. The musical aspect of the era it was produced was said to be cheerful, de decipherableful and light hearted. Songs ranging from titles like Make Em Laugh to Moses Supposes to Singin in the Rain. The songs to a fault went hand in hand with the dancing. The tap dancing style stage dancing with the elements of real life tie in an amusingly harder than it looks way. When Gene Kelly is in reality singing in the rain it seems like theres a monsoon pouring on his elaborate footwork.There is also a humourous comedy portrayed throughout the movie, physical sense of humor, and playful jesting. both of these elements transpired the picture to be as famous and well liked as it was and still is. It has all of the things an audience interested in musicals wants. It shows fun in secrets, romance, portrayed as hard to get, sly humor and witty jokes. all(prenominal) with such enthusiasm. Even today pop culture refers to it in formality and humor. Ultimately it is the most famous musical of Hollywood and will delay that way, because its classic.

Financial Analysis Project

Your task is to offer up a written report discussing the financial position of the companies. Calculation of ratios should be included in an appendix to the report. In other words, in appurtenance to the mechanical process of determining the ratios the report must include a written comparative psychodepth psychology of the financial information from year to year, among the companies and an overall comment on the financial session of the companies.The financial synopsis project will be marked considering the following Company pickax provide a brief description of each company Liquidity analysis Solvency analysis Profitability analysis Activity analysis Overall comparative analysis Organization/flow/quality of writing Professionalism Please provide references to the merged Web sites where copies of the financial statements may be found. Each analysis should piss appropriate appendices showing your calculations and your work. Please ensure that your solution can be easily traced stand to the Orlando financial statements.Thus, your entire analysis should be no much than 1000 words not Including any attached appendices and no more than 10 different ratios. Financial Analysis Project By strengthens are in the same industry e. G. , Imperial Oil & Petrol-Canada, or Salesman & Big Rock. Each other and between periods, indicating which company is in the beat out financial * Organization/flow/quality of writing easily traced back to the original financial statements. Thus, your entire analysis should be no more than 1000 words not including any attached appendices and no

Learning Styles Essay

* Did your reputation spectrum profile force you? Why or why not? I was and was not surprised on what the results of my individualisedity spectrum were, I waste always been aware that Im an organizer. What surprise me is that organizer is my strongest genius I would have thought that adventurer would have been my strongest. But after reading the description of the organizer is, it all makes signified and I see why it is my strongest personality. Although adventurer is my second strongest personality, I occupy a relief to drive in that adventurer was not too international from being my strongest personality.* How can you alter your study techniques to take advantage of your grumpy abilities and skills as determined by the personality spectrum? Now that I know what my strongest personality is, I plan on tutelage it that way and staying organized. I believe that staying organized would help me through my journey in schoolhouse and in my emerging career, especially in the c areer field I chose to be in, organization is very important. Also by staying organized I entrust be avoiding all the stress and headaches that I go away likely encounter in school and in my future career. By keeping to the results of my personality spectrum, I believe I will be pickings full advantage of my abilities.* How can knowing your skills and abilities indicate on the personality spectrum help you adapt your study habits? Knowing that my skills and abilities indicate that Im an organizer, I will be able to use that skill and repair prepare myself to adapt to my study habits. By staying organized and preparing in advance, I will be able to manage my school schedule and personal schedule more efficiently and in terms I will be avoiding all unwanted stress.* How would you approach collaborative work in the future given what you now understand about your skill and abilities from the personality spectrum? The way I would approach collaborative work in the future will be, by advising our group to implement a work schedule. By having implemented a work schedule I believe that it will allow us to stay organized. By being prepared and effectively using my organizational abilities and skills will allow us to accomplish our intend goal of getting our work completed on time.

Human Resource Management Essay

face-liftThrough pop the time of the course, gay Re germ vigilance, we keep back been adequate to(p) to assume and use HR practices in ein truthday life. This paper has been put unneurotic using two casing studies and eight chapters from the moderate, Managing Human Resources. The two circumstance studies argon motif on capital of Nebraska galvanising phoner and south-west Air none of hands, the eight chapters include chapters 1 and 3 then chapters 7 by sum of 12. As a gathering we wipe out calculateed to renther to prep be severally antithetical chapter and we wee-wee apply the cases to tending develop our proclaim Human Resource skills. This paper pull up stakes demonstrate how as a group we were adapted to relate the case studies to several(predicate) aspects that the Human Resource cogitation covers.Chapter 1 Managing Human ResourcesRead the two cases at the end of this book regarding capital of Nebraska galvanizing and southwesterly Air telephon e bankers bills. Then using Exhibit 1.1 as a guide, dupe an illustration that identifies the stakeholders of each sidetracky and shows the relative richness of each stakeholder to each enact. To complete this appellative, you nookie gather your information materials in this chapter, the cases at end of the text, and from former(a)(a) sources, including c heelspapers, magazines, the internet, and your own experience. If you argon unable to discover information you get is relevant, subscribe assumptions establish on your opera hat judgment. check off any major assumptions you make.sou-west AirlinesLets elaborate on each stakeholder in much than(prenominal) detail. First is suppliers which atomic number 18 Boeing Aircraft, airdrome, and the fuel companies. Boeing supplies theairbroadcaste that they us which is the Boeing 737, the airport gates permit income for the guild, and the fuel federation of course supplies fuel. With all the opposite suppliers southwe stern has to keep them in line with what they be trying to progress to which is plead the better(p) prices to its customers. Competitors atomic number 18 all the airplines at the airport. southwestern has to signifier out a vogue to maintain a pro flout and stable stretch out down in the mouther or same prices at the opposite airlines. They should ceaselessly know what the competition is doing or offering.Customers argon stakeholders in that they be the Shante Johnson hoi polloi who ar buying the product and without them there is no business. Employees be all strategic(p deprivationicate) because they add value to the bon ton. Employees atomic number 18 resources because they provide labor and do with outturn. in conclusion the enivornment/communtiy is a stakeholder because southwest has political platforms in motion to help protect the resources they amaze and leaping back to the corporation. sou-west prides itself on existence socially trusty and has d integrity so by charity programs, recyling, and going green. They feel that if the community is on their side and supportive of them then they passel prosper and be a household name.The capital of Nebraska electric car CompanyCorporations the like The capital of Nebraska electric car Company are dependent on their customers. If they do non improve their relationship and offer the best for their guest the businesses might non be as victorful. The customer makes it likely to for a high society to take its goals. LEC views it employees as being of importance because they are the bring int of the go with. They maintain production and their actionance Shante Johnson postulates the accompany. LEC feels that it testament do what is needed to make their employees happy so that they can keep producing results. Lastly I feel that LEC determine the environment as a stakeholder in that it wishs to come up with practice that provide keep the environment safe and clean. They want to maintain a healthy environment for the community. They want to support communities in which they are located.Chapter 3 Ensuring graceful Treatment and Legal ComplianceA. What evidence exists to demonstrate that each company manages employees fairly and legally? southwesterly AirlinesWhen reading material slightly southwestern United States I feel that they treat their employees fairly and follow the legal procedures in obtaining their employees. Southwest like most companies value their employees and the tempt they do for the company. I gear up it interesting that Southwest renamed its HR department the People department. By ever-changing the name of the HR department shows that they see the significance in mountain and the relationships that are multiform with that. The article in like manner says that Southwest puts time into hiring and interviewing applicators. I view that as they exclusively want the best for their company and allow for use the resourc es needed to get the best. If that means interviewing 100 slew for one vocation then so be it. If I was applying and k mod that they save want the best and turn over mea sealeds in place that shows their support and care for employees I would want to take form for them.capital of Nebraska ElectricAt first when reading about LEC I thought they value their employees because they know their employees are the main reason they are able to be successful. capital of Nebraska Electric recognizes that specie is an inducement to employees and knows that by offering an incentive they can get the proletarians to be more productive. They understand that there was to be an impartial relationship amid employees and directors. There has to be a direct of respect for each other. capital of Nebraska Electric has HR Objectives that pertain to its employee I am going to controversy three out of four of the intents first is to maintain and Shante Johnsonexpand the capital of Nebraska Ince ntive Management Philosophy, to recognize people as the companys most expensive asset, and to promote develop, education, and ontogeny that broaden employee skills (Jackson, Schuler, Werner pg 563).I do non know numerous companies that have objectives written down for their employees. Having objectives in place to be followed by HR personnel is reassuring that they capital of Nebraska Electric cares about its employees. As I incubated to read about the company I found out they have a low turnover rate, but they keep their workers busy and foc employ on the occupation at hand. They overly have no leisure time and many a(prenominal) do non cause a break. I do non believethat to be fair because if you are work a received amount of hours a day you need a break. Also not having time to socialize with others I can picture the workplace being full of robots. People clocking in and doing their trades and then clocking out and going home.B. Are there company practices at South west Airlines and/or capital of Nebraska Electric that you would consider to be unfair? If so, which ones? wherefore?Southwest AirlinesI will be honest is was s reproduction rallying a practice that was unfair but after much thought I view it unfair that when an applicator is being consider they whitethorn be asked to speak in reckon of a monstrous group of people. If I am interviewing for a basic line that does not convolute a plenty of interaction with people why should speaking in front of a large group be a part of my applicant carry finished. I besides lift it strange that Southwest will red flag an applicant that is flying in. I understand the idea of perceive how they behavior around others and handle certain situations, but they should excessively be notified that they may be watched. I too do not find it fair to judge an applicant before you even get to tint them. You cannot al focal points take the opinion of others when making important decisions that ca n actuate your company. I do like having others opinions and having them way in, but I do not want them to spy on an applicant.capital of Nebraska ElectricShante Johnsoncapital of Nebraska Electric included a dialogue of a few interviews they held and it forthwith stood out to me that they were asking questions that are unfair and illegal. I do not find it professional to ask how much money did you make pull round year, what did you do with that money, and how do you feel about joining a meat ( skilful to name a few). Employers can get into trouble asking those questions because if person is rejected they can sue old bagd on the questions they were asked. I also do not think it is fair for management to have the empowerment to cut hours without any notice. Some employees livelihood depends on their demarcation. If their hours are short cut it does not give them time to put other plans into motion. I also feel that it makes the company look bad and can transport down employ ee morale.Chapter 7 Selecting Employees to Fit the Job and the Organization Describe, evaluate, and compare the weft procedures utilise at these two companies. In preparing your answer, consider the following issues A. The objectives of the endurance lick.Each company has a dis uniform option butt for job applicants and how the company selects its applicants is unique. Some companies may not have an intricate option cover preferably they vindicatory want to fill the absent position. However, this is not the case when Southwest Airlines or capital of Nebraska Electric selects employees. Southwest Airlines believes that investment in recruiting should be a top priority for their company, and so it has suit the goal to select applicants who will contendnt into the culture that Southwest has created preferably of just filling a vacant position. Southwest wants to make sure they are hiring people who will be beneficial to the company instead of hiring some(prenominal)one quickly then the new employee not fit into the upchuck Southwest has created.In the case of capital of Nebraska Electric, they do their selection process a little variedly. Instead of going out and recruiting for all the devote positions inwardly the company capital of Nebraska Electric instead only uses extraneous recruitment in cases of entrance take aim positions. capital of Nebraska Electric has incompromising to fill all other impolite job positions familiarly, with those employees who have already been a part of the company. Since capital of Nebraska is filling most job openings with people already employed within the company it shows that the company believes in the employees it has, and wants to help them grow unmarriedistly as the company grows as healthy.B. The criteria utilizeThe criteria use in the selection process of new employees for Southwest Airlines and capital of Nebraska Electric differ large(p)ly betwixt the two companies. The major criterion use d for Southwest Airlines is berth. Southwests selection process has strong root in the positions of the job applicants. The company has selected five key predictors to see if the applicants attitude would combine easy within Southwest. The predictors are blend of energy, humor, squad spirit, and self-confidence. It makes sense that Southwest wants to hire employees who would fit into the company culturethat way they can visualise positive and team work oriented attitude is kept within the company.The major criterion used for capital of Nebraska Electric for filling positions is based on in house hiring, except for entry level positions. By giving employees notice of the open positions it can help keep the company culture the same, and is beneficial to keep employees and teach them new skills. When the company is able to teach employees new skills it helps build the different competencies they stimulate different competencies can help make an employee more amiable to the dis posal instead of just one specific job title. This employee then becomes multi-functional. C. The techniques used to assess the competencies of job applicants.Southwest Airlines and capital of Nebraska Electric have specific hiring techniques to assess the competencies of authorisation employees. Southwest uses three distinctive techniques to help encipher out who will best fit the dynamic of the company. The first technique used is the personality test. The personality test helps The People Department get to know job applicants value and what suit of personality he or she has. There are seven traits used cheerfulness, optimism, decision making skills, team spirit, communication, self-confidence, and self-starter skills. The person being interviewed take to receive a three or gamyer, on a scale from one to five, to move on to the coterminous stage of the interview process. The next technique used would be the developed interview. Southwest looks to find people with great pe ople skills, matching work experience, and people who are team players.Hiring people without these qualities would be a take of time, considering that many of the jobs Southwest provides have to do with teamwork, helping people have a pleasant experience, and experience. The last technique is the most interesting, Southwest wants to make sure they hire people with a great attitude so they have managing directors jot down anything memorable about the applicant, good or bad, they give applicants special tickets on their flights so employees will know to celebrate them and their behavior, and they are also asked to speak in front of groups of people. However, the audience is also being evaluated along with the speaker Southwest wants to see if the audience members are attentive and allowanceing attention to who is speaking. Southwest wants to find people whose attitudesfit in with current employees and the culture theyve built together.Therefore their selection techniques are quite boil downed on the job applicants attitude and values. capital of Nebraska Electric has kept a constant theme end-to-end their selection process. During the selection process, Lincoln Electric uses current employees to fill open positions and they are able to find out if employees can take on a new position by dint of the interview process. Lincoln does not use aptitude or psychological interviews instead they focus on the personal aspects of the employees. There is a committee that is made up of supervisors and different vice presidents whom interview the different job applicants. Since the interviews are on a more personal level, the committee is looking for the correctperson who can perform the qualify tasks and fit in with the new department. Although Lincoln Electric uses the committee to perform the interview process, the final selection is left up to the supervisor who is in charge of the department where the job opening is. D. The apparent effectiveness of the selection process.The effectiveness of both companies selection process has been extremely effective. In the case of Southwest Airlines because of the friendly culture c stomach to 90,000 people applied in the past few age. This many applicants can be overwhelming, but since the HR department is committed to only hiring those applicants who can fit into the company culture, they only leased 831 people. due(p) to the specific selection process and the use of different employees from the HR department, managers, and employees the turnover rate for Southwest is less than five percent.The employees of the company enjoy their jobs and the culture that they are involved with on a day by day fanny that the employees continue to work for Southwest for the long-term. Lincoln Electrics selection process is as standardizedly successful as that of Southwest Airlines. Since Lincoln Electric fills openings in-house the company doesnt experience a high turnover rate. Employees average around 18 years working with the company, and re deport backable to the in-house hiring process employees become more satisfied with their work because they are able to develop and move up in their career path.Putting credence in current employees to help build thecompany from the ground level to top level, put trust in employees and thus employees trust Lincoln more and want to stay with the company longer. E. The roles and responsibilities of line managers, HR professionals, and other employees in each company. Each company has their own unique way of selecting the perfect job applicants to fill the needs of the company, and each company has proven to be successful in the selection process. But without the helpof HR professionals, line managers, and other employees the companies may not have had much(prenominal) smooth sailing. Southwest Airlines makes sure to include every level of employees to help choose new employees through their selection process. The HR professionals, or the People Dep artment, work to set up and organize the different interviews and where they will be held, the HR professionals also distinguish what qualities are important to the company culture for job applicants to be able to fit in. Line managers and employees are also involved, they are able to interact and speak with job applicants.By Southwest involving line managers and employees in the selection process, it shows how important the company culture is to the company. Having the line managers and employees involves also allows them to help select future employees that they will have to interact with on a daily basis. Lincoln Electric also involves HR professionals, line managers, and employees in the selection process. The HR professionals post the job openings on an internal job board and set up the interviews that will be conducted to find the right applicant. Line managers are involved in the selection process through interviews, and they in conclusion have the final decision in who is h ired to work in their department.Employee involvement is probably the most important part of the selection process. Employees are important because if they are not actively involved in applying for the open positions Lincoln Electric would not be able to fill the open job positions. Having the employees involved with filling the job positions is all important(p) to keeping the company on task and not having a lot of turnover. Chapter 8 Training and Developing a Competitive Workforce A. For which company is preparedness and development more important? In the case of Lincoln Electric and Southwest Airlines there is one company who puts more wildness on preparation than the other. Southwest deeply involves new employees into the training processmuch more than Lincoln Electric. In the production area of Lincoln Electric the employees are tending(p) on-the-job training that is over a short time period, and they are then expected to perform their dutiescorrectly. When it comes to g ross sales jobs they receive on-the-job training at a plant, then they go to a regional sales office and receive more training turn they are working. Lincoln Electric does not provide or allowance for orthogonal training, unless there is a specific need for the extraneous training.Even though Lincoln Electric does not spend a great deal of time with training, Southwest does. Southwest places a large emphasis on employees fitting in to their work culture so the company provides ample training in all aspects the employees will be involved in. There are seven different areas that new employees are trained in when entering the Southwest team. The areas include Freedom-LUV-and You, leading 101, Leadership Southwest Style, Next Level Leadership, Power Speak, Successful Performance Appraisals, and all(prenominal) Customer Matters. Unlike Lincoln, Southwest encourages employees to take full advantage of remote training whenever they can. Not only does Southwest train employees in the ir own respective fields, but they also train employees on the jobs of other employees who they will be working virtually with.This type of training helps employees understand and cleanse relate to those who they will be working with on a fifty-fifty basis. Southwest provides an enormous amount of training for new employees, but they also continue development and training for existing employees as well. Once a year all employees are required to attend training programs that help reiterate the constituentd values throughout the company. B. Describe how the training and development activities in both companies are related to other HR activities. The training and development activities at Lincoln Electric also relate to other Human Resource activities that are involved within the company. The main charitable resource policy that fits well with the training and development of Lincoln Electric employees are the work assignments. The management teams at Lincoln Electric have the pow er to change or transfer the work assignments of current employees. In order to keep up with the changing of work assignments the training process cannot be lengthy.The training that employees receive is on-the-job, so if a workassignment changes they are able to be taught quickly on what their new responsibilities will be. In a company like Lincoln Electric the needs of consumers may change and having the ability to move workers assignments and provide sufficient on the job training helps the company keep up with the changing international factors the company faces. The training and development activities at Southwest Airlines are in direct correlation with their hiring and selection process. Southwest works occurrencely hard to find employees who exhibit the right attitude, who will fit in, and demonstrate the qualities that are important to the company culture.Since the time is spent to find the best employees to fit in, the company wants to invest into training them properly t o become part of the Southwest team. The training Southwest provides its new employees is an extension of their selection process. Southwest does not hire employees just to fill positions accordingly the company wants to invest in the new hires to expand their abilities and qualities. Not only does Southwest want to bond the selection process to training and development for new employees, but training continues for existing employees too. Existing employees are encouraged to do outside training to improve their skills and knowledge. The company also requires a yearly training session to make sure that everyone is still operating with the same shared values throughout the company. The values in the training are the same values that the employees shared with Southwest Airlines from the time of their selection.Chapter 9 Conducting Performance ManagementA. contrast Lincoln Electric and Southwest Airlines with respect to the major purports of writ of execution standard and feedbac k. Which nerve seems to be more concerned with traits? With behavior? With results? What uses does work step serve well in these two companies?Performance measurements and feedback are vital to the success and knowledge of Lincoln Electric and Southwest Airlines. Each company uses transaction measurement tools to help gage the employees effect and where there is room for receipts. The military operation measurement Lincoln Electric uses is based on a great deal of results and how the employees are do their jobs and designated tasks. Employees and managers are evaluated on differentterms. Employees are evaluated twice a year, and their effect principles include quality, dependability, ideas and cooperation, and output. Managers are evaluated on sixer different competencies leadership/ownership, decision making and judgment, results orientation, teamwork/commitment, quality and customer focus, and creative thinking/innovation.When it comes to feedback managers at Lincoln El ectric discuss the performance scores with employees and if needed will provide recommendations. Once a year the company provides feedback based on performance and will also assist in performance improvement and development. Southwest Airlines focuses on results, but their main concern for employees is based on their traits and behavior. Southwest strives to have excellent customer service, as a result employees performance is measured on how well they are performing their jobs and handling the customer service aspect. The performance measures used help with make team cooperation instead of enticing competition between different departments.When managers evaluate employees, especially regarding customer service, they have to provide documentation of the events and how the employee performed. The manager cannot just give an outstanding score without regarding actual events that took place. Southwest Airlines contributes feedback to what they call loving feedback. It celebrates suc cesses, it lets people know how theyre doing, but its also honest(Jackson, Schuler, and Werner, 2012). The feedback placement for Southwest has two different objectives first is the metrics level and second is the conversation, people to people level.The performance measurements used for both companies fall the performance of employees and management. However, Lincoln Electric focuses more on the results that employees receive from their evaluations. Lincoln Electric does use the performance measurements to influence, whether it is an increase or reduction, in deservingness soften and the decisions of bonuses for employees. Not only do the results of the performance measurement pretend if an employee receives merit compensation or a bonus, the company uses the evaluations to fix warrantee claim problems. In the case of a warrant claim the manager can trace the claim to the exact employee error made. When this happens the employees performance score may be cut back, or the w orker may be required to re collapse the cost ofservicing the warranty claim by working without pay (Jackson, Schuler, and Werner, 2012).Southwest Airlines truly uses their performance measurement and feedback administration to focus on the traits and behaviors of the employees. They want to show employees they value their work, and give them feedback that helps. Due to how concerned Southwest is to give employees a meaningful experience, employees would rather hear negative feedback and performance ratings than hearing nothing at all. At least by hearing the negative feedback they have something to work towards and improve on to make themselves better. B. For Lincoln Electric, how well do the performance criteria fit the companys strategic objectives? Identify any potential sources of deficiency and taint in the companys performance measures.For the most part Lincoln Electric fulfills two out of the four HR Objectives that the company has deemed to be important. Those two are to m aintain and expand the Lincoln Incentive Management Philosophy and To maintain an af blottoative action program, and provide employees with opportunities for advancement adapted with their abilities and performance regardless of race, religion, national origin, sex, age, or hindrance (Jackson, Schuler, and Werner, 2012). There are two other objectives that I do not believe Lincoln Electric is taking enough advantage of when using their performance criteria. devil objectives include recognizing people as the companys most invaluable asset and promoting the training, education, and development to broaden the employee skills. Lincoln Electric only provides on-the-job training and they do not pay for or encourage outside training, unless the need is absolutely essential.Not only do they only offer on-the-job training, when performance results are released twice a year, the employees only receive coaching and performance improvement development once a year. Lincoln Electric should at least offer the coach and performance improvement directly after each performance evaluation and feedback term. By not investing in the training and education of employees they are not fulfilling that particular objective. Also, when an employees performance is bad, management punishes the employee instead of taking the time to find out what went wrong in the making of an item. There might have been something the employee didnt understand. Not taking the time to discuss and figure the source of theissues doesnt show that Lincoln sees people as the companys most valuable asset. Especially, when a mistake happens, their performance score is reduced and they have to fix the problem without receiving pay.C. Compare the sources of performance information used at Lincoln Electric and Southwest Airlines. Would you recommend that these organizations use 360-degree appraisals? Why or why not? Each company has a different way of evaluating their employees to find out how they performing and if they need any help or training. When looking at the sources of how Southwest evaluates their employees performance I do not think they need to use 360-degree appraisals. The company focuses different aspects that affect the employees privateisticly and what teams they are a part of collectively. Southwests performance management also reflects how we value our employees(Jackson, Schuler, and Werner, 2012). Southwest effectively measures the performance of employees and the teams they are on, this type of performance measurement promotes cooperation between employees instead of employeestrying to compete to be the best.Southwest prides itself on teamwork, so when something goes wrong it isnt just one individuals fault, the company examines what different departments were effected to make this problem, and as a team they fix the problem. When examining the performance measurements of Lincoln Electric, I do believe that the company could benefit from implementing 360-degree apprais al performance measurement. Lincoln Electric employees are evaluated by their department manager, and employees help establish the goals that the managers are performance evaluations are based on. 360-degree appraisals would be able to give employees and managers more evaluations to work with. This type of appraisals uses supervisors, subordinates, peers, and employees to evaluate performance. The people chosen to evaluate the employee or manager are not random either, they are people who work with the employee on a regular basis and who know how well this individual does with his or her job.When Lincoln Electric is only using a manager to evaluate the employees, the manager may be bias and not give each employee a fair evaluation. However, when using 360-degree appraisals it is hard for one individual to sway the evaluation when there are multiple people working to evaluate the employee properly. Multiple-source evaluations are perceived as being more fair, reliable, and sensible t han single-source come ones(Jackson, Schuler, and Werner, 2012). The 360-degree appraisal process may benefit Lincoln Electric when fulfilling their HR objective of recognizing people as the companys most important asset as well. By having more than one person involved with the performance measurements, employees may gain a better since of how important they are to the company overall.Chapter 10 Developing an Approach to get along CompensationThe purpose of an organizations total pay is to provide sufficient incentive and recognition to attract and retain the right people for the right positions within the organization and for those hired, to remain engaged within the organization and perform at their best ability. It has been proven that by having the right employee fit will improve motivation and productivity, resulting ultimately in a more content workforce and increased retention and tenure. Establishing a solid and agonistic total recompense mail boat contributes to empl oyee retention, which happens to be one of the sterling(prenominal) concerns of employers today, with 59 percent of those surveyed in a bad way(p) about losing their best employees to competitors and 67 percent concerned about the bother of finding skilled labor. (Taylor, 2013) thoroughgoing fee not only refers to an employees remuneration, benefits, and other monetary reenforcements, it also factors in non-monetary rewards as well. There are four strategic objectives, tied directly to total recompense that should be considered when establishing an organizations total compensation. These include 1) Attracting, motivating, and retaining the talent required for a sustainable competitive advantage 2) Focusing the energy of employees on implementing the organizations particular competitive strategy 3) Improving productivity and 4) cost containment. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012) 1. Compare and contrast the two companies on the followinga. The objectives of their total compens ation practicesAs communicated in Lincoln Electrics Employees Handbook (Lincoln Electric Company), as well as in the text case study (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012), Lincoln Electrics compensation practice is bounteousness total compensation for premium overall performance. The key elements of premiumtotal compensation are base pay and bonus. Premium performance is your individual performance as well as Lincoln Electrics performance. When you meet or fleet your goals and the Company meets or overhauls its business goals, the result is premium total compensation for premium overall performance. (Lincoln Electric Company) The companys objective is to reward employees through recognition, pay forperformance, and by sharing loots with incentive bonus compensation based on extraordinary achievement as a means of motivation. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012) suitcase pay for Lincolns employees is resolute by salary surveys comparable to the salaries of mistakable jobs in the Cl eveland area, comparing externally as well as internally, through job evaluation and adjusting quarterly to ensure the salaries remain aligned accordingly.Job evaluation and continuous/comparative canvas is important to the organizations position alignment and the employees total compensation. Base pay can be earned by either piecework pay, periodic pay or salary pay dependent on the type of position and classification of the job within the organization. In addition to the base pay received, Lincolns eligible employees have the opportunity to receive a designate of the companys yearly profits as incentive bonuses. These year-end profit sharing bonuses are proportional to the individuals merit scores. The Board of Directors determines if there will be a bonus payout and dictates the amount to be distributed. It will only be nonrecreational out if the company was able to earn a profit for the year. The individual pay outs and employee shares are based on the individuals pay and pe rformance during the year.A successful year for the company results in a shared portion of its success with the employees, rewarding them for their part in earning the profit. Southwest Airlines overall objective of their compensation program is to promote and reward productivity and dedication to the overall success of the Company and to thereby also support the companys overarching objective of attaining reasonable profits on a consistent basis and preserving job security. The development of a more performance-oriented compensation construction is intend to support and reinforce the factors management believes are most relevant to the companys success. (Commission, 2011) Southwestsemployees total compensation is relatively equivalent to other airlines, given the nature of the type of labor required of the industriousness. push back costs account for 35% of Southwests overall expenses, with 83% of these positions falling into, and controlled by, collective bargaining agreements (union positions).Although Southwests base pay structure has been at or below the market and operates in an persistence where other entities dominate the bargaining power, this low-fare/no-frills airline has maintained a productive workforce through its total compensation offerings of numerous opportunities to share in company success through variable pay programs, including profit sharing and a argumentation purchase plan. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 579) granted Southwests continuous success over the years, these offerings of lucrative buyout plans to highly compensated employees and different variable pay programs, such as profit sharing and pullulate purchase plans have been extremely showy to its workforce. Allowing and encouraging their employees to do what is necessary to satisfy the customer, empowers and motivates them, resulting in a greater level of job atonement and retention, therefore, increased customer cheer and company profits.The profit sharing pla n offered by Southwest was the first of its kind in the airline industry and is directly tied to a defined contribution plan, encouraging a long-term employment relationship with its employees. Owning approximately 80% of the companys striving, employees also recognize the advantages of Southwests stock purchase plan, offered to them only at a discounted stock share rate. Their monetary gains are closely tied to the companys financial future. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 587) In addition to the supra stated companys total compensation offerings, Southwest Airlines also uses recognitions to reward their employees. The awards in these programs and others are given to employees who perform at a high level consistent with Southwests strategy and culture, and they can come in the form of plaques, monetary payments, photos interpreted during the awards ceremony, photos of the award winner with the CEO, and appointed in the company newsletter. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 587)b. The role of total compensation in achieving a competitive advantageLincoln achieves a competitive advantage through its piecework pay, shared profits incentive bonuses, as well as job security and guaranteed employment. These elements gave Lincoln employees a sense of ownership in the company. The companys goal was fulfilling the customers needs and therefore, recognized that employee performance and productivity are the means by which this goal can best be achieved. This belief led to the companys commitment that the lucre of each must be in accordance with accomplishment. If money is to be used as an incentive, the program must provide that what is paid to the worker is what he has earned. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 562) This company attitude and total compensation plan sceptred its workforce to work harder and smarter resulting in little to no employee turnover, employee compensation that is almost twice that of other comparable job families in the same Cle veland area, and a workforce that sees themselves as part of an organization with executives and leadership that takes care of its employees.In some ways similar to Lincoln, Southwest Airlines maintains its competitive advantage through its compensation of base salary, profit sharing and stock purchase plans, as well as, short/long term incentives and annual incentive bonuses. As promoted by Southwests website Our people are our single greatest strength and most enduring long-term competitive advantage. (Kelly, 2014) In order to have a competitive advantage over its competitors, a firm must have the ability to obtain/sustain profits/benefits that exceed the average for others within its industry. As stated earlier, Southwest was the first to lay out a profit sharing plan in the airline industry. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 586) another(prenominal) strategic business initiative and example that contributed to the companys competitive advantage was through the introduction o f the 10-year sail contract agreement of 1995. Specifically, during the first five years, the pilot wages would not change, then five years following, the pilots got the stock option of the company and annual salary would increase by 3 %. This kind of salary strategy combined economic interests of the pilot with the interests of the shareholders of the company (if share prices rise, both sides would profit), so the company added value.Italso helped southwest airlines to provide tourists frequently and economic flight to tourist, and won the competition advantage. This kind of salary strategy is hard to be imitated by competitors. (Zheng, 2012) c. The pay shamble and employees reactions to the pay ruffleAs stated earlier, the pay mix for Lincoln Electric consists of base wages (piecework pay, hourly pay and salary pay) and bonuses. The piecework system adopted by Lincoln Electric is based on some fundamental principles including 1) Rewards employee for what is done rather than for how much time is spent on the job (more productive employees who meet quality standards = greater compensation than those who are less productive) 2) Changes in piecework prices will be made as changes in equipment, method, layout, procedure, tooling, design or materials are made 3) Group piecework is interdependent, and the cost of the job is limited by the bottleneck or the slowest operation in the line 4) All Lincoln employees guarantee their quality and workmanship 5) Pieceworkers are paid only for production that meets Lincolns quality standards. production of scrap or defective parts will be taken into account during merit rating.Hourly and salaried employees base pay is determined by means of benchmarking, comparing the base pay for a consume of jobs at Lincoln to the base pay of similar jobs in other companies of the same industry. The bonus plan has been the cornerstone of the Lincoln management system, and late(a) bonuses have approximated annual wages. Bonuses have ave raged about 90 percent of annual wages and the individual bonuses are proportionate to merit rating scores. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 560 & 570) Lincoln Electrics employees reaction to the pay mix of the company is very supportive and positive. found on five employee interviews, all five denotative their satisfaction with the compensation received. Each of the employees interviewed acknowledged that their salaries exceeded those of employees in similar jobs within the Cleveland area, considering themselves fortunate and better off financially due to their positions with Lincoln Electronic.Most also stated that the greatest advantage of working forLincoln was the compensation or the amount of money they can make (base, incentives/bonuses, stock dividends). They mentioned that they didntbelieve they could make this type of money anywhere else. As mentioned previously, most of the employees in the airline industry are union employees, controlled by bargaining units and un ion contracts. In addition to the hourly base pay employees (typically at or below market), Southwests pay mix also offers opportunities to share in the company through variable pay programs (profit sharing and stock purchase plans). Mentioned previously, this mix has proven attractive by employees, as well as competitors, with attempts of mimicking in the airline industry. Unlike many of its competitors, however, Southwest is a low-fare, no-frill airline. Rewards and/or perks such as cars, club memberships, etc., are not awarded to the company officers at Southwest, maintaining lower costs to the company and ultimately higher profits to be shared.Although this pay mix has maintained attractive for many years, its future is questionable due to the acquisition and future desegregation of AirTran. I am not certain that this lean airline shape will be able to continue to remain as lean and profitable as they have been given the competitiveness and external threats of this industry. 2 . Which accession to compensating employees would you prefer? Why? The compensation structure I find more desirable would be that similar to the pay mix exercised by Lincoln Electronic. Although I believe it is dependent on the type of industry you are in, I prefer a compensation plan or structure with more internal controls. I find the Lincoln pay mix to be one of which there are more internal controls over. As a manager, I believe it also encourages a more team-centric approach to the workforce and empowers employees at all levels to push themselves and to be accountable for the compensation they receive. The Lincoln Electrics plan allows its employees to be part of the big picture, a more wholesome contribution approach and one of which is always looking at improving the process and making a better product overall.Given the employees level of contributionand sense of ownership, there seems to also be a higher level of dedication and pride, pushing their capabilities to the limit benefiting everyone in the end. Chapter 11 Using Performance-Based Pay to Achieve Strategic Objectives 1. Compare and contrast the approaches to performance-based pay used by Lincoln Electric and Southwest Airlines. Overall, which plan do youthink is more effective? Why? Lincoln Electrics compensation approach is predominantly based on employees performance. Employees rewards are firmly monetary in nature (i.e., annual bonuses/incentives based on piecework). As expressed by many interviewed, the harder and more efficient you work, the greater the pay and/or incentives awarded. Employees salaries are directly impacted by their level of performance. Although Southwest Airlines does reward their employees based on their performance, most of the rewards received are non-monetary and company culture driven. Some of non-monetary rewards identified include luncheons, plaques, photos taken with VPs, making mention of success in the company newsletter, etc.The ultimate objective of Southwes ts performance-based recognition is to create a sense of family and mission. (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 582) Based on my review of the successes from each of these companies in their respective industries, I would close up that each plan is effective, relative to their performance in their industry. To determine which performance-based plan is more effective, I believe consideration needs to be given to the type of industry and employee it is financial backing. The effectiveness determined is also affected by how their employees perceive and/or measure their level of job satisfaction. Obviously, Lincoln attracts a compensation-driven workforce (i.e., sales), while Southwest attracts more cohesive and cooperative relationships between employee groups that seek to be recognized publicly and through other means than only monetary sources.2.Lincoln Electric is gradually moving toward using a more traditional approach to pay, putting less emphasis on earnings at risk. What s trategic objectives would lead the company to conclude that a more traditional approach to pay may be more effective than their present practices? A more traditional approach to pay would be more effective for Lincoln Electronic as they continue to become more global and publically owned. As Lincolns interest in globalization continues to grow, so does the need for additional financial support and profits to support this expansion. This reallocation requirement of profits, currently used to pay bonuses and incentives to employees, therefore supports the changed focus toward global expansion. As the public ownership of Lincoln continues to grow, their focus needs toexpand beyond that of just the employees and begin to include all stakeholders, of which are contributing to the successful expansion of the organization.Chapter 12 Providing Benefits and function1. What are the objectives of each companys approach to benefits and operate? Lincoln Electrics benefit program includes seve ral components to include a retirement annuity program, 401(k) plan, stock purchase plan, flexible benefits program, medical, dental, life & disability programs, as well as flexible spending and health savings accounts. An additional benefit offered by the company includes a paid vacation during the companys seasonal shutdown, regardless of the employees tenure with the company. Based on no layoffs since WWII, as well as comments noted by the interviews in the case study, employees feel a sense of job security, loyalty and satisfaction to Lincoln Electric and the benefits and services the company offers. The objective of their benefits and services is to offer an attractive and beneficial plan to their employees, maintaining competitive advantage and employee retention, resulting in a more experienced and tenure staff.More challenging to that of Lincolns approach to benefits and services is the benefits and services offered by Southwest Airlines. Due to their focus to provide a more employee-centric benefits case, continually surveying their employees to determine what their employees value, they have implemented a flexible plan that allows the company to change as frequently as needed to maintain its attractiveness to top applicants in a competitive industry, as well as retain their valuable employees, their most valuable asset. Southwests objective in hiring the best people and knowing how to findand treat them (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 577) requires a solid, attractive and competitive benefits package, including job security, in an industry that is not typically know to be competitive in this area.2. How well do the benefits and services packages serve the business objectives and the needs of the employees? Which package would you prefer? Explain why. Although the benefits and services package offered to Lincoln Electrics employees is satisfactory and competitive to other similar companies, the interviews held expressed the employees main reaso n for jobsatisfaction rests with the compensation package, with borderline comments regarding the benefits offered. Southwest employees, however, have experienced and expressed a greater level of satisfaction with the benefits and services offered by their employer. Having a broader, more wide-range of offerings in their benefits package to full-time and part-time employees, it allows the company to meet its objective in attracting the best applicants and caring for their most valuable assetits people.Although both benefits and services packages offered by Lincoln and Southwest provide excellent job security, I would in person prefer the package offered by Lincoln, as opposed to Southwest. Southwest may offer a more employee friendly and cerebrate benefits package, however, its flexibility and potential for change seems more appropriate for a younger workforce that has not yet established loyalty to their employer, with the intention of long-term employment. Therefore, as a middle aged employee myself, my benefits focus and interest lies with a package that can offer more long-term and stable incentives such as employee stock purchase and pension plans, as well as a vivid and reliable retirement plan.3. Could Southwest Airlines adopt the approach to benefits and services used at Lincoln Electric? If so, what would be the advantages and disadvantages for Southwest Airlines of adopting this approach? Be sure to consider how various stakeholders would be affected by such a change. I would not suggest nor support Southwest Airlines adopting the benefits and services packages used by Lincoln Electric. Southwest gains their competitive advantage in their industry through their benefits package, whereas Lincoln does so through their compensation package. Therefore, my reasons supporting the lack of confidence in Southwests adoption of like benefits and services to Lincolns is because I dont feel that Southwests compensation package is as strong as Lincolns in thei r respective industries.By adopting a similar benefits and services package as Lincolns, Southwest may lose their competitive advantage for attracting top talent. Additionally and as stated earlier, Lincolns benefit package is geared toward retention and catered to a tenured workforce, which is not the objective of Southwest Airlines. The need to continually bring young, snappy and new talentinto the firm requires an employee friendly and flexible plan that is focused more on short term advantages and offerings, as opposed to long-term. Southwest seeks to reduce labor costs (Jackson, Schuler, & Werner, 2012, p. 579) and by doing so, implementing a strong, attractive, but flexible benefits and services plan allows them to meet this reduced labor cost objective, while continuing to bring in new talent and maintain their companys goal to remain a low-fare, no-frill airline.Works CitedCommission, U. S. (2011). Definitive delegate Statement Southwest Airlines Co. Washington DC Southwe st Airlines Co. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., & Werner, S. (2012). Managing Human Resources. Mason, OH South-Western. Kelly, G. (2014). Southwest.com. Retrieved from almost Southwest https//www.southwest.com/html/about-southwest/ Lincoln Electric Company. (n.d.). Employees Handbook. Lincoln Electric Company The Welding Experts. Human Resource Services. Retrieved from www.lincolnconnect.com/pdfs/wise/employee_handbook.pdf Taylor, T. C. (2013, November 12). Compensation Today. Retrieved from Communicating Total Compensation to Employees in a Meaningful Way http//www.payscale.com/compensation-today/2013/11/communicating-total-compensation-to-employees-in-a-meaningful-way Zheng, F. (2012). question on Enterprise Competitive Advantage Based on the Total Compensation Strategy. Communications in Information Science and Management Engineering, 28-29.