Impact of the Government’s Spending Review on the Construction Industry

Impact of the politicss Spending Review on the spin IndustryThe invasion of the Governments Review on the construction industry has had distinct reactions. Edwards (2010)7 points out that 20 bn of capital spending volition be solidus between now and 2014/15. The impact will be loathly on government departments and local authority budgets. But get on dilate published by the HM Treasury (2010)3 indicate that the government intends to plus net capital spending by 2.3 bn up to 2014/15, relative to the June 2010 cipher predictions. Currently the Government spends approximately 50 bn on capital projects.It appears that the Government is focussing on those projects with the highest economic value. Education along with wellness and infrastructure are areas that the government has chosen to focus on (Anon, 2010)8. This obligate also quotes Graham Watts, Chief Executive of Construction Industry Council who states that tender housing is the worry, but investment in schools, carbon reduction and transferral infrastructure plus the Green Investment Bank are decreed. The Spending Review of 2010, has reduced the funding for Social Housing from 8.4 bn to 4.4 bn (HM Treasury, 2010)3 This will be a severe blow to those construction companies who specialised in having contracts with social housing customers, such as, local councils and housing associations, according to lighting (2010)9.Keynesian Theory and the UK Economy The UK economy has endured six consecutive accommodate of negative growth, resulting in one of the most prolonged recessions in forward-looking times (2008/09). Since the beginning of 2010 the economy has shown some positive signs of recovery.Two schools of purpose have emerged from this rece... ...ble to the Miller Group will therefore be further restricted. The Group does recognise this constraint and as a result the party continues to focus on cash generation and cost controls (Miller Group lag Report)13. The cost control fact ors according to Keynesian Theory will misbegotten the company is responding to its own difficulties and will start hoarding money to, worry the consumer and this will further impact the circular flow of money in the economy. SummaryThis paper has provided an overview of the UKs Spending Review of 2010 and its potential impact on the macroeconomic picture of the UK. Particular emphasis has been given to the relevancy of the Spending Review on the construction industry and its impact on a construction company. Furthermore the paper attempts to relate some aspects of the Keynesian Theory to the current UK economic situation.

Capital Punishmennt Essay

Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2011) defines corking penalization as penalty by expiration for a offense. thither are many another(prenominal) factors that go into the process of working capital letter penalisation and it essential start with a crime followed by an arrest, trial, conviction, appeals process and ultimately the feat of the individual(a). Through the many stages of the process there numerous individuals who are affected, including the crook and their family, the victim and their family, jury, judge, witnesses and administrators or physicians who perform the effectuation. In this authorship I give picture at the estimable rise up to the fores of capital penalisation development the pursual ethical theories utileism, Kantian ethics, and the objurgates and nicety possible action. In for each one of these theories I go out examine how advocates and opp mavinnts to capital penalty can use the theories to validate their put down on capital punishment. I will conclude my account with my maculation on capital punishment apply one of the theories I listed above. gibe to Boat business (2012) the article of faith of utilitarianism is the basic premise of entertainment each propose pain. Utilitarianism considers the impact an solution and outcome will founder on everyone and they use the fifty-percent possible action as the tipping point in decision making. If the pleasure of an event has more(prenominal) do good than the pain then a decision can be made. Utilitarianism yet considers the bene hold outs and consequences when taking into account whether the cobblers last penalty is ethical and disregards the natural castigates or self-worth of a someone when deciding if the remnant penalty is ethical (Bedau, 1980). The pleasure over pain principle in capital punishment must consider the impact it will have on everyone involved and concord to Boatright (2012), Utilitarianism requires that we calculate utility non except for ourselves but for only person affected by an action.When deciding whether or not capital punishment is effective an individual must look at the benefits and consequences of everyone involved and acquire if capital punishment is ethical. I do not think back that one person can make this decision as it would require them to think on behalf of individuals or conclaves who they whitethorn have a conflicting amuse with. An example of this would be a sibling of a make victim deciding if the get throughender should receive the oddment penalty. Their feelings on the stretch forth would discord from the offenders family and create a conflict of interest when using the fifty-one percent theory.I will now examine the utilitarian principle of consequentialism and how it relates to the ethical thing of capital punishment. A consequentialist argument uses determent as a benefit of how the termination penalty can supercharge their stance (Douglas and Wilkinson, 20 08) and executing a liquidator would take to heart as a possible consequence for the cleaning of some other human world. This whitethorn distribute as a deterrent to future killings but that is not constantly the slipperiness. Out of 238 paroled offenders who committed murder, less than 1% went back to prison house for committing another murder (White paper on, 2012). This statistic shows that the shoemakers last penalty does not serve as a deterrent to future killings and thus the theory of capital punishment serving as a deterrent holds no merit.Examining the ethical issue of capital punishment must in like manner look at a price-benefit depth psychology that uses a monetary value rather than the classic utilitarianism principle of pleasure over pain (Boatright, 2012). fit in to Boatright (2012) an application of a live-benefit analysis needs to place a value on human purport. The issue with using a cost-benefit analysis of capital punishment is that not everyone ma y value human breeding the very(prenominal). A person who commits a murder may not value human life the same as someone who does not kill. The family of a victim may find that the life of the killer has no value to them and in contrast the family of a receiver may value the life of the offender as more semiprecious to them. The cost of capital punishment in like manner needs to be examined when using a cost-benefit analysis.The total cost per feat was $216 million more than life imprisonment (White paper on, 2012). In addition to the cost to execute an individual in a capital offense case there is the cost of trials, the process of appeals and attorney fees that need to be examined. In California the cost of a final stage penalty prosecution is up to twenty dollar bill multiplication more high-ticket(prenominal) than the cost of a life in prison without parole case (Williams, 2011). Also according to Williams (2012), the least high-ticket(prenominal) death penalty case cost $1.1 million more than the most expensive life without parole case. The cost of the death penalty is more expensive than a life in prison without parole decry and twenty offenders could be wedded a life in prison sentence for the amount that it takes to execute one offender (Williams, 2011).I have come to the conclusion that the utilitarianism principle does not justify capital punishment. The pleasure over pain principle requires us to consider the impact on everyone and it does not require us to ignore our interest but we must place our interest no higher and no lower than anyone else (Boatright 2012). When I looked at the cost-benefit analysis I could not justify the use of capital punishment due to the massive costs that a capital punishment case incurs as opposed to the cost of a life imprisonment case.I will now look at the ethical issues of capital punishment using Kantian morals. According to Boatright (2012) the first principle of Kant is universalizability which is to, act only on rules that you would be willing to have everyone follow. The second principle of Kant is keep for persons which indicates one should look on other people and ourselves as human beings (Boatright, 2012). Kant was in favor of capital punishment for the crime of murder and based his intellection of the death penalty on the theory of retributivism (Potter, 2002). When an individual commits the crime of killing another individual they violate Kants first principle and do not follow the rules that everyone is following namely the right to life which I will cover later in this paper.The killing of an individual likewise violates the second principle of respect for persons. According to Kania (1999), each of us mark not to kill others in exchange for the security that others will not kill us or those dear to us. Kant subscribes to the term isu taloinis which flirt withs the vilify doing is punished by a similar punishment and also weighs that the death penalty is the onl y right way to punish a receiver because the punishment should be the end goal (White paper on, 2012). Kantian Ethics also involves autonomy which means self and law (Boatright, 2012). Autonomy relates to Kants principle of respect for persons and a society living autonomously involves creating their own rules and playing freely.This principle is seen in the laws that society has developed to prevent the killing of an necessitous person. In the United States it is illegal to commit the act of murder which is contrasting from the killing of a person. The killing of a person may happen during self-defense when an individual fears that their life is in danger. According to Potter (2002) Kant says in a general statement that every murderers should be executed and death is the punishment that must be carried out on the unseasonabledoer. Violating the principle of universalizability, respect for persons and autonomy all justify the use of capital punishment in Kants view.The third e thical theory I will look at is Rights and Justice. I will first examine the rights theory and how it relates to the ethical issue of capital punishment. Rights are part of many of the ethical issues in society and the term rights can be used in many different ways (Boatright, 2012).According to Bedau (2012), a human being has the right to life simply by being born and it is a misdemeanor of rights to murder another person. The violation of the right to life does not mean that we are authorized to violate anothers right to life. The resolve and juries take another persons life in their turn over during a capital punishment case and by sentencing an offender to execution violates their right to life. Bedau (2012) states, Even if a person has committed murder and has therewith intentionally profaned anothers right to life, the culpable salve has his or her own right to life. The legal rights are in cast to protect us from having our right of life taken away, and if our right is violated we do not have the rights to take someone elses right to life.In contrast to the paragraph above John Locke argued that a persons right to life can be forfeited if a person violates the right of life of another person. Locke goes onto say that the execution of a murderer does not violate their right to life (Bedau, 2012). Based on this argument Locke would be an advocate of the death penalty. Since the offender forfeited their right to life they no longer have their own right of life. Locke except states that a person forfeits their right to life when they commit a immoral act that deserves death (Bedau, 2012).The ethical issue of capital punishment and the arbiter theory coincide using the relatiative justice theory. Justice involves the righting of wrongs and retributive justice involves the punishment of wrongdoers (Boatright, 2012). The justice revenge theory indicates that a criminal must and deserve to be punished and that the punishment must fit the crime (Bedau , 2012). The punishment of the crime may be different in each state or country as not all states and countries have the right to sentence an offender to the death penalty. The issue with the theory that the punishment must fit the crime is that each person may have a different viewpoint on how to punish the same crime. For the act of murder one could argue for the death penalty temporary hookup another person may argue that death penalty is unethical based on their ethics. This leads to some confusion in the retribution theory as each person may have their own psyche of proper punishment and retribution.According to Roberts-Cady (2010), A retributivist would argue for the death penalty based on the claim that death is what a murderer deserves. The retribution theory also values that a punishment should be barely the same as the crime committed which is known as the center of attention for an centre principle (Roberts-Cady, 2010). Using the eye for an eye principle, a murderer w ould be subject to the same act they committed and subject to death themselves. It does not involve a judge or jury sentencing them to the death penalty and I interpret it as an automatic sentence for the murderer. The eye for an eye principle supports that murderers ought to be put to death (Bedau, 2012). An advocate of the death penalty using the retribution theory would find that capital punishment is just in cases involving murder.The issue with the above reasoning is that it is sometimes not possible to apply the eye for an eye principle in every situation. It would not be possible to punish an individual or group of individuals who commit mass murder that has more victims than offenders. An example of this would be the execution of the hijackers who flew planes into the World Trade Center killing thousands of individuals. The number of victims of this act far-off outweighs the number of hijackers that were aboard the planes. According to Bedau (2012) the execution of a mass m urderer is morally inadequate as retribution cannot be served upon the offender given their inhumane and heinous acts. Another counter-argument for the eye for an eye principle is the eq to the crime is not always morally acceptable (Roberts-Cady, 2010). For example if a person were to be sexually assaulted, the retribution to the offender would entail being sexually assaulted in return.This would force the victim to decide if their offender should be subject to the same offense they endured and the victim may not be willing to make that decision and prefer to leave the punishment up to the justice system. The legal system in the United States takes this decision off of the victim and places it on a judge and jury. Although the victim will have to testify and recount the crime they would not deciding the fate of the offender. According to Robert-Cady (2010), For certain heinous crimes, either the punishment would be roughly homogeneous and immoral, or it would not be roughly equiv alent. The justice and rights theory seeks justice for those whose rights are violated but it is not applicable in all situations. If we are looking at capital punishment strictly from a rights perspective the right to life is violated when a person is slay but what right do we have to take someone elses right to life?Retribution and justice involve the righting of a wrong and uses the eye for an eye principle which is not always applicable to the crime committed. Using the rights and justice theory I came to the position that capital punishment is not ethical as I do not believe that I have the ethical grounds to take someone elses right to life. The retribution theory is not clear enough for as I believe life in prison without parole would be just as effective as the death penalty. In this paper I have examined how utilitarian, Kantian ethics, and the rights and justice theory apply to the issue of capital punishment. I presented both an advocate and opponent view to the death pe nalty and whether capital punishment is ethically just according to each theory. Prior to researching this topic I considered myself as an advocate of capital punishment as I felt it was the most effective way to serve as a deterrent to murder and also a just punishment.I also consider myself a subscriber to the utilitarianism theory and learn to look at the big picture of an issue and how it affects everyone. I also look at situations using the cost-benefit analysis which allows me to make an informed decision. afterward researching the ethical issue of capital punishment and applying the information to my beliefs I cognize that my stance on the death penalty conflicted with my utilitarianism view. In the utilitarianism section of the paper I came to the conclusion that capital punishment was not ethical. I also presented the cost-benefit analysis of capital punishment and the cost of an individual is much more expensive than sentencing a person to life in prison without parole. I have come to the conclusion that based on my utilitarianism view that capital punishment is not ethical.References(2012). White paper on ethical issues concerning capital punishment. Ferney-Voltaire, FranceWorld Medical Journal.Bedau, H. A. (1980). Capital punishment. Matters of life and death, 1033-66.Boatright, J. R. (2012). Ethics and the conduct of business. (7 ed.). pep pill Saddle River, NewJersey Pearson Education Inc.Capital Punishment. 2011. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved may 8, 2011, fromhttp//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalpunishmentHouse, R. (2009). The death penalty and the Principle of Goodness. International Journal Of human beings Rights, 13(5), 680-688.Kania, R. E. (1999). The Ethics of the Death Penalty. Justice Professional, 12(2), 145. Potter, N. T. (2002). Kant and capital punishment today. The Journal of foster Inquiry, 36(2),267-282.RobertsCady, S. (2010). Against Retributive Justifications of the Death Penalty. Journal ofSocial Philosophy, 41(2), 185-193.Wilkinson, D. J., & Douglas, T. (2008). Consequentialism and the death penalty. The AmericanJournal of Bioethics, 8(10), 56-58.Williams, C. J. (2011, June 20). Death Penalty Cost California $184 Million a Year, Study Says. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http//articles.latimes.com

A Journey Through Music Essay

One warm summer evening just all over a year ago, I picked out a book from my parents bookshelf and flipped to a random page while attempting to pass time. The book, known as the Tao-te-ching, is a famous work by the ancient Chinese Philosopher Lao-Tzu written more than than 2500 years ago. Because of its age, the book is written in old Chinese, which makes it very heavy to read. Interested just in passing a few minutes, however, I flipped through the pages at random, looking for any function to catch my attention.And all of a sudden, right in await of my eyes, I see a quote which sets my brain in drive This journey of a thousand miles begins with a single trample. In general, I do not think quotes can be long lavish to be meaningful. However, looking at this quote, I feel a shake run down my spine as I realize that these haggling written far back in time cave in a true meaning to me. For in my own lifetime, one small end that my family made influenced my whole life, and has led me to journey many miles both physically and mentally.It was when I was four years old that I took the first step in a journey which would influence my life forever. My cousin was training to play the lenient and her parents suggested that I learn to play as well. I was enthusiastic about the idea of doing something immature, although at the time I had no idea of the amount of impact this one decision would have on my life. From very early in my studies, I began to develop an emotional connectedness to melody. While I was playing the piano, it seemed as if feelings and thoughts which had been living inside of me were suddenly being released into the outside piece.I was struck by the power of music while enjoying one of Prokofievs War Sonatas, I was transported to the dark, dangerous buttocks that was Russia during World War II, whereas while performing a work by Mozart, I was transported to a gamboling, carefree, and joyful globe filled with youthful ingenuousness a nd vigor. And music has had the power to bring me to many new physical places as well. Thanks to the piano I have traveled across Asia and europium to play with various orchestras and to compete in numerous competitions.I have met and played for luminaries such as US secretary of state Hilary Clinton. And finally, piano brought me to America where I continued my studies at the Juilliard School. Funnily enough, my travels as a result of the piano made me realize the diversity that hold ups in the world they made me realize how many different ideas and people all exist simultaneously. And this brought me a desire to learn as much as I can, to expand my intellectual and physical horizons, and to understand as much of the world as I can.This is what led me to the decision not just to accompany a Music Conservatory, but to enter an Academic University and venture into new territory. And while I eagerly await this unknown path I am about to take, I am certain of one thing without the t entative first step of beginning the pianissimo assai that I took when I was four, the eye-opening journey I have taken over the past thirteen years would never have begun. And I know for sure that the Piano will always remain a part of my life.

Don’t Change the World Essay

at peerless time upon a time, there was a king who ruled a rich country. One day, he went for a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very painful, because it was the first time that he went for such(prenominal) a long trip, and the way that he went th boorish was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover every road of the entire country with lash.Definitely, this would need thousands of cows skin, and would cost a considerable amount of money.Then one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, Why do you have to spend that unnecessary amount of money? Why male parentt you just cut a little piece of leather to cover your feet?The king was surprised, but he later agreed to his suggestion, to work up a shoe for himself.There is actually a valuable lesson of life in this story to make this world a happy place to live, you cleanse change yourself your heart and non the world.The Tra velers and the Plane Tree Two workforce were walking along one summer day. Soon it became too calorifacient to go any further and, seeing a large yet direct nearby, they threw themselves on the ground to rest in its shade.Gazing up into the branches one man said to the other What a useless tree this is. It does not have fruit or nuts that we can eat and we cannot even use its wood for anything.Dont be so ungrateful, rustled the tree in reply. I am being extremely useful to you at this very moment, shielding you from the hot sun. And you call me a good-for-nothing all in all of Gods creations have a good purpose. Islam teaches us that we should never belittle Allahs blessings.

Lan Topologies

LAN Topologies IT240 10/14/12 1. consequence Project 2-1 With a network of 50 computers I will physical exertion the family Topology to upgrade this network. With this type of topology altogether the devices are connecting in a loop invent and the information travels in star direction, thus avoiding collisions. Here the cabling doesnt terminate, it continually goes from one device to other till it gets plump for to the original device. It is also easier to manage the network since all the information is passed around the mobilise in the same direction. . Case find out 2-2 With that many computer and four servers, I will procedure an broad Star Topology. As pointed out in the case project that on that point are a few switches available here, I will use a central switch and connect the rest of the available switches to it and connect the 200 PCs to those switches. Switches are good for determining each(prenominal) individual packets destination and ensuring that they are delivered to the right device.Note crimson though they might have two different uses in roughly cases, the hubs in my diagram represent the switches. 3. Case project 2-3 * Physical versus crystalline topology A physical topology defines how the devices on a detail network are physically connected logical on the phone line tells us how the systems on the physical topology communicate. * Bus Topology In this topology all the devices are physical chained to one some other through a single cabling system.This form of topology works disclose when the numbers of computers on the network are limited. * Star Topology This is the form of topology where all devices connect to central unit through a hub, switch or even a router. One of the biggest advantages here is in the event one of the devises failed, it does not bring the entire network down. * Ring Topology In this form of topology all the devices are instantaneously connected to the next existing device in a ring form.This kind of works like the bus topology, however, there is no decease here, as the devices connect from one to another all the way back to the original device. * Ethernet and CSMA/CD This is the type of technology networks use to sense if there is an ongoing transmission. In the event where there is one, the system goes into wait musical mode till the channel is free for it to begin its own transmission. This is one of the ship canal to avoid collision.

Express Luxury Lines

Empress Luxury Lines Angela D. Davis Strayer University Management 500 Dr. Prakash Menon April 29, 2012 Abstr bend This critical summary faux pas of Empress Luxury Lines is based on circumstances of honour fit quandarys and ch all toldenges of natural covering level managers and their employees faced with sustainings on what anyone person or persons would do against qualification honest closings. In this effect necessitate, we none that the employee has to retrace choices for doing what he believes is safe for him even though it may ca workout possible termination.Despite of the needed estimator upgrade for the Empress Luxury Liner for Empress, top commission issues was to find separate musical modes to limit cost. The luxury pull outr had fallen on ruffianly times due to numerous factors some of which was not witnesslable by this line of work. In this case analytic mentation we leave aloneing explore how right or wrong decisiveness making cigarette creat e ethical predicaments for a stemma. Faced with such dilemmas, we bequeath try to understand how in decision making for the employees, managers, CFOs affects the business entity.Empress Luxury Lines ANALAYZE ANTONIOS respectable DILEMMA Antonio Melendez, a dickens year employee of Empress Luxury Lines was starting to smell as stated by kooky, finally found a way to fund the computer dust upgrade hed been requesting ever since hed taken the job two years past ( 2010, p. 150). Antonio, being that he was only on the job two years, and Kevin Pfeiffer, the new hire, the ethical decision dilemma for them was in facing the truth about the power surge alter that struck the ship to its onboard computer dodge.Antonio knew that the chance in defrauding the insurance companion of the reliable nature of what happened to the computer system onboard the ship could have dire fiddlesequences for him and Kevin. Kevin told the truth to his supervisor Phil Bailey, of the $15,000 compu ter damaged and was told to report back only to his boss Phil Bailey. Kevin did exactly what he believed would be great news of the minimum fixable damage, but Phil was not happy. Instead, Kevin was instructed to remove and demean all the wires and the cables and haul them elsewhere so that the insurance adjuster upon comer would not know the difference in the damage.Kevin refused choosing to make the intelligent ethical decision to not due as instructed and to not become breach of a fraud scheme or the culture of top management habitually submitting fraudulent claims. Antonio appreciated Kevins integrity of making the outgo decision to not do as he was asked to do for Empress and his boss Phil Bailey. Antonio knew of years before he was hired, Empress Luxury Lines in the 1990s, were a tidy business. The journey liner had unprecedented demand by consumers to sail on its luxury liner. Unfortunately, with external threats of unforeseen causes, such as the 9/11 attacks in the U.S . , the Hurricanes of 2005, and the Norwalk Virus outbreak, Empresss volume of tourist booking exit by ship fell off drastically. Empress had to refund monies to its clients for cruises they could not use due to these uncertainties. In essence, contingency planning was enacted to respond to the unexpected conditions of weather, terrorism, and medical exam emergencies. The current rising demand of fuel cost to sail the cruse liner, trimmed into the luxury liners professionalfits. This is why Antonio could not or did not see his fervent request to have monies to upgrade the ships computer system was not accepted.Until the damage of the computer system was verbally reported to Bailey, thusly the accepted practices of Empress by top management of fraud which was readily the explain nature, the assurance of Kevin, or Antonio being protected under the Whistle-blower act was essentially an ignored, general practice and rooted in the business mood culture from top to bottom. CREATE A ND DESCRIBE TWO STRATEGIES In this case analysis the strategies to best describe how to address Antonios ethical dilemma would be by using two improvementes in ethical decision making.The come outes that can best address Antonios in this case study are the Utilitarian Approach and the Individualism Approach. These go upes best describe how Antonio should cut across the situation at hand. The utilitarian go up by definition Daft , the ethical concept that clean-living behaviors produce the greatest mature for the greatest number (2010, p. 132). This entree Antonio is ethical decision maker and he understands the consequences of deeds and plans to win for the greater heavy for Empress.If Antonio chooses to use this approach he has the pulse of the organizations systemic practices but he has to figure out how to lead by physical exertion while limiting potential dire resultant roles for Empress by reporting what rattling happened to the insurance adjuster and authoritie s. If Antonio decides to stay quiet and do nothing he knows the risk and the ethical investigation that could ensue by law. The decision to do nothing hurts but if this is his decision, to help defraud the insurance company, the upside is that Empress will have a upgraded and repaired computer system.I would equate the 2008 fraud case involving the SBA chopine of widespread fraud with the HUBZone Empowerment Contracting program sympathetic to how systemic practices of obvious fraud with rewarding contracts to business firms who were not eligible to gather such funding. Bruce Causseaux, a senior level specialist stated, Three master(prenominal) factors worked to en courage the fraud, he says the lure of several billion dollars of federal contracting, an SBA control process that largely relied on inadequately verified self-importance-certified information and a clear message that, even if caught, the punishment would not match the plague (Wilson, 2008 p. 0). This article exemplif ies the seriousness that when it all goes wrong, in the utilitarian approach the get ahead yielded still the lesser of a potentially disastrous result. The individualism approachs by definition Daft, the ethical concept that acts are moral when they promote the individuals best enormous-term interest (2010, p. 132). This approach helps Antonio because he believes in the fundamental rights of individuals in the ethical decision making process.If Antonio chooses to avoid the systemic behavior by Empress because it will impede on a persons right then he would be ethically decision making to go against the grain of behavior even though he knows he may lose his job by telling the truth. The issue with this approach who determines the legitimacy of what is ethical or not about the way the cruise liner decides to conduct its business. Antonio/s plan of action hangs on the real balancing act of being loyal only to himself, to the health of the company and or lastly, for the greatest good of Empress.Antonio has to really be comfortable in which ever decision ethically he will make. ASSESS THE PROS AND CONS The pros and cons of the utilitarian approach if Antonio so believes is the best approach he has the option to think the differences looking at how his decision will effect his fellow coworkers. For this case analysis, I believe the utilitarian is better suited for Antonio because this approach is not a selfish approach but more in line with having the thoughtfulness of care and concern for early(a)s and how his ethical decision could harm everyone.Antonio does not consider he is just a lone wolf in this decision process because he sees the dilemma as equal move to be held by together by the belief of all. Antonio relies on the order of substance process quantitatively in his overall objective to be fair for the consideration of the whole in making a just, moral, and pro ethical decision. The utilitarian approach con is in understanding and recognizing the cos t benefits of his decision. This approach does not allow for room to be appeasing to all of his coworkers and this approach can cause harm. The end does not always unfreeze the means as this approach states.In the con of this approach, can Antonio assume the result of perhaps not being ethically honest could yield a positive result no matter of the facts presented to the insurance adjuster? This may happen and he is still left with the decision did he do his best in rising above the fray to do his ethical duty. The pros and con of the individualism approach on the pro side is Antonio will be respecting the rights of his coworkers and doing what is best for the common good of Empress. Antonio will also be protecting his rights as an individual which is a benefit for him.Antonio has to be overcareful in upholding for pro rights to not step over the rights of others. A con of the individual approach is could be the true meaning in be a persons fundamental rights. This is a con of th is approach because in the U. S. we have included our U. S. Constitution the Bill of Rights. If Antonio thinks this is the best approach because the Empress sails in international waters Antonio has to have consideration for the international laws of other countries which the U. S. Constitution with the Bill of Rights wont apply.Another con of this approach is that it is a selfish approach and can entice Antonio to consider only his inescapably and not the concerns of others. DECIDE ON WHICH STRATEGY TO TAKE Given the two approaches of utilitarian and individualism, I would choose the individualism approach for this case analysis if I was in Antonios position. I am not a selfish person by nature and in making business decisions I know that the ability to think in ethical decision making when a problem presents itself one has to be ready, willing and able to perform the task of airing on the side of fairness.I have had similar instances as Antonio in being the one who has to be conc erned for his self but by being this way, you ultimately do decide for the good all in the process of ethically doing what is best for the future long term health of the company. Individualism by behavior alone can ensure fellow coworkers that action done ethically for the best business ethical decision outcome is in the best interest of the whole. This action inspires cohesiveness and conformity in our feelings of our behavior.In their book If Your Life were a Business, would you authorize in It? (2003), Eckblad and Kiel states, When we acknowledge these feelings in ourselves and reflect on them, we often find their origin in one or more situations where we wish we had had the courage to have challenged someone or done something differently and businesslike thinking and planning are no guarantee that there will be good or courageous people in either jobs or our live (Eckblad &038 Kiel, 2008, p. 37). The individualism approach has worked well for me in my business endeavors and pr ivate life. My willingness to be fair, but yet knowing what ever decisions I make whether they are ethically based on a ethical dilemma or not, I firmly understand that not all decisions I chose to make was good for the whole and that you can not know the true value of the dilemma in your decision choice of how it will mend to other employees or coworkers. This is the dilemma for Antonio.I do think his best regularity of approach would be using the individualism approach for Empress Luxury Lines. He will not please all but he will be ethically making the best decision for the greater good of the company. References Daft, Richard L. (2010). Management. Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Eckblad, John, &038 Keil, David (2003). If your Life Were a Business, Would You invest in It?. New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Wilson, Sarah (2008, November), Fraud Rattles SBA Program. Entrepreneur, 30.

Renaissance in Harlem City in the Viewpoint of Toni Morrison’s Jazz Essay

Jazz, a young by Toni Morrison, is a chronicle of the lives and struggles of the Afri sack Ameri toilettes during the Harlem metempsychosis in the linked States. The raw begins with an African-American community in Harlem New York in the year 1926. What wees it a credible commentary on that specific hitch in the business relationship of the United States and that of the African-American batch is the natural description of the causation of the glittering metropolis (Morrison 1992) of Harlem, the setting of the novel.Not and was the description dead-on(prenominal) and vivid in accordance to the diachronic account of Harlem Renaissance al whiz just about importantly it has force a novel that encodes the bearing of disembodied spirit of e genuinely African- American during the said diachronic period. In the novel, the metropolis has constantly been very important in the trifleation of the Black community, not lone(prenominal) as a urban center within the city mer ely the very essence of Black existence during the 1920s. The historical backdrop of this novel is the 1920s United States better known as the Age of Prosperity for most Americans because of the end of the First World War.Americans lead a clean way of living that is unbosom from German Imperialism. After the war, the African American soldiers looked in front for their license but never had one. nevertheless after slavery was abolished, African Americans cool off have to live on in cotton and sugar scold plantations. During this period, about 90% of the African Americans in the South were suffering and they viewed the due north as a specify of dignity, opportunity, and freedom. This period paved way to The heavy(p) Migration where African- Americans migrated from south to north en masse particularly Harlem, New York.Even when they confronted an other(a) kind of racism in their new community, they roughlyhow guide a better and more decent life. The rise of the Harlem Rena issance heralds a paradise that is discrimination-safe for the African- Americans. The Harlem Renaissance as Depicted by Harlem City in Jazz As stated earlier, the city has become the sole dick of the novel in making its account of the historical period vivid and interesting. The city represents many different aspects of the African-American life which makes this novel a credible account of the African-American life during the Harlem Renaissance.By using the Harlem City as the setting of the novel, it makes the novel more grounded to the historical period where it is establish from. This essay will examine the importance of the City in the exploitation of the novel as well as its effects to the readers indication of it. Our freshman account of the city is found in Chapter 1 of the novel. In the words of an omniscient narrator A city similar this one makes me ambitiousness t totally and feel in on things. Hep. Its the bright steel rocking above the shade below that does it.Wh en I looked everywhere strips of immature grass lining the river, at church steeples and into the cream-and-copper halls of the apartment buildings, Im strong. Alone, yes, but top-notched and indestructiblelike this City in 1926 when all wars argon over and there will be another one. The people down there atomic number 18 clever about that. At last, at last, everythings ahead. The A&P hires a colored work. bragging(a) legged woman with pink kitty tongues roll money into green tubes for later on then they laugh and put their arms or so apiece other. I like the way the City makes people sound off they can do what they want and get away with it.I try them all over the place wealthy whites and plain ones too, pile into mansions alter and redecorated by black women richer than they atomic number 18, and both argon pleased with the spectacle of the other (Morrison 1992). The first blame suggests that the narrator sees this city as different and unique among the cities that he has been as suggested by the article a. This city, he contends, makes him pipe hallucination striking things and actually keep in touch with it. Basing on the backdrop of the novel, the Harlem Renaissance has brought about changes in the lives of the African- Americans.The Harlem City in particular has become a new haven for the African-American migrants from the South to find a new and better life that is free of all the oppression and discrimination that they experienced. This dream is not specified by the narrator. However, I see dreaming (whether tall, big, or small) as something that is treasured by the African- Americans for provided in this city that they were subject to dream whatever dreams they have for themselves as an individual and as a group of people. To be able to dream is already a dream come true for the African- Americans who sought for another world for cultural actualization and egotism identity.Though the dream was not specified, it can be deduce d that this dream is that of the freedom to actually dream. Moreover, it is freedom to live in a place where they can be who they are. The second sentence further speaks of the African- Americans newfound life. The narrator speaks of the city as the reason of his strength. This presupposes the fact that the narrator felt that he was weak prior to his arrival in the city. In placing the novel into the historical backdrop of Harlem Renaissance, African- Americans especially in the South were treated as inferiors in relation to the Whites.They were seen as weak and a lesser class of universe by the Whites. Furthermore, they were reduced to slavery as if brandishing them that role as their only role in America. However, as the pass come along suggests, this inferiority and weakness has been replaced by pride and strength. As a matter of fact, not only was the city a haven where discrimination and oppression among the African- Americans were inexistent, it has withal become a place whe re they can dwell and live like normal Americans as suggested by an employment of an African- American woman as a clerk in A&P.The role of slaves as a uninspired job of African- Americans is already eradicated in the city. As a matter of fact, Blacks and Whites are in the city devoid of any differences and were living harmoniously with each other as suggested by the last sentence of the passage the Whites and the Blacks are pleased to just accomplish their roles (richer Black women decorating the houses of the Whites). The words top-notched and indestructible in the third sentence suggests the confidence that the African- Americans gain in living in Harlem.They see it as the end of their struggle for equality and the end of every possibility of oppression. As told by the narrator, even when he is alone he felt that the city is with him. Because of this, both of them (the city and the narrator) feel indestructible. The city has become a sanctuary for African- Americans from all t he oppression and discrimination. If we look back in history, the Harlem has been the place where most of the African- Americans from the south migrated for they found the city as a place of greener pastures.They find Harlem City as a place where they can start new lives and celebrate their unique cultural identities. Lastly, the fourth sentence sums up the real feeling and sensibilities of the narrator and the African- Americans in general on living in the City. The narrator says that the people are really happy not only with the end of the war and the struggles but also of their newfound freedom in the city. The phrase at last suggests that this happiness and freedom have unceasingly been yearned by African- Americans.They finally experienced the happiness that they perpetually sought for in Harlem City. In this sense, the city has become an embodiment of an liberate African- Americans from their battle for equality. The Harlem Renaissance has always been considered as the spir itual coming of age of the Black community where African-Americans were able to foster group recognition and self determination. The Element of Setting in Historical Fiction The difference amidst settings and events that are establish on historical facts and those based on the resource of the author is mainly objectivity.Events in a historical manufacturing are always patterned in real and hard facts of history. While other elements of the story such as characters and plots might be different, there would always be a cast from which the author will based his or her settings, characters, and plots. It is not a requisite that the whole set of facts should be accurately depicted such as writing histories, it is already enough that the facts are presented accurately to serve the purpose of a historical backdrop for the outgrowth of a work of art such as fiction.Historical novel need not lie in the historical worlds they create but in the relationship between the world and the chief actors. Historical novels can be meticulous in depicting the larger contexts of an era mend creating either the chief actors in that world or giving them undocumented thoughts and actions (Berkhofer et al 1997). In the novel, Morrison patterned the event to that of the Harlem Renaissance. From the beginning of The Great Migration as illustrated by most of the major characters moving from the South to the North.Moreover, it is also apparent(a) in the passage cited above that the narrator is new to the place which indicates that he is a migrant. He sees the place as something different and strange which suggests that he is new in the place. However, there is no indication that the characters were patterned into some particular historical figure. But it is apparent that even though there were no particular persons involved in the development of the characters, they are still patterned towards possibilities and tendencies of the people that lived in that particular era, that is, Afri can- Americans during the Renaissance.The sensibilities and actions of the characters are always influenced by the happenings and the circumstances of the times. For instance, the narrators attitude and feeling towards the city is a typical African- American reaction to a place that has brought freedom to their community. On one hand, events and settings that are based on the imagination of the author are highly subjective. They are basically unrestrained and unconfined that the author is free to just create and invent any event, setting, plot, and characters without having to sanction these elements to facts or history.The possibilities are endless so that authors would not need to concern themselves with accuracy nor fealty to any source. Historical Literary Criticism as a creature in Understanding Jazz It has been argued that historical point of view or knowledge as a method in literary blame would render our reading of literature more objective lens. With historical literar y criticism, our translation of the text is sanctioned on the subjects relevance, relationship, and influence of the historical period where it is written.It is not merely a baseless meter reading it is an interpretation with a historical ground. This is for the reason that history is a bedrock of objective facts and data that give credence to any empirical discipline. It is believed that literature that is based on history would be more realistic. The objective ground of history is precisely that which enables the subjective elements which constitute literary texts to function beyond the artistic (Green 1995). In other words, our knowledge of the historical events, figures, and background would make our interpretation more accurate for it is more objective.Not only would it provide a ground for the understanding of the facts and events of the past but also of that particular periods attitudes, perception, thoughts, and ideologies about the world. In the novel, Harlem Renaissan ce is not just utilise as a historical background to quantify or shrive the tendencies of the characters and the vividness of the setting and events, but also the commentaries and ideologies that the African- Americans have during the period.For instance, the novel bodied the historical event of the Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance not only to give the novel more accuracy and objectivity but also to introduce the Blacks attitude towards racism and their yearning to assert their identities through music and other forms of art with the help of the glittering city (Morrison 1992). The readers knowledge of the historical background of a work of fiction would help him/her understand the contexts of the novel that would render his/her interpretation in an objective path. As earlier mentioned, historical background and details would make a work of literature more grounded.However, this is not the case with anachronism. This is the hit sin that a historian or a historical fictionist could commit. To represent something outside the supposed context of the historical period would thwart the interpretation and knowledge of the readers upon the text and the historical event itself. In the novel, there are no cases of anachronism for Toni Morrison is a reliable source of the lives of the African- Americans as she is one of them herself. As far as the city life is concerned, she has not only depicted it clearly but also reflected its ideologies very accurately as stated in earlier paragraphs.Though it would be difficult to suspend anachronism for every writer will always interpret historical facts in their own subjective ways, it is highly recommended that writers especially historical fiction writers which has purposes of being objective rather than just being aesthetic should buzz off to the original. In this way, they would not only remain faithful to history where it is basing its vividness, accuracy, and reliability but also serve a higher purpose of inform readers the ideologies and sensibilities of every historical period and figure that has shaped the world.

Tainted Milk Powder

Question 1 Given strong profit growth, has there been some(prenominal) damage to B emboldenu. coms reputation? assist Yes, there was damage to Baidu. coms reputation. The examples of damage to Baidu. coms reputation argon * The bruits do the conjunctions information appear unreliable. * Baidu. coms users may start to boycott from employ this pursuit engine. They atomic number 18 hoping that Baidu. com may change their behavior after the protest. * overdue to the boycott activity, the build of daily visitors may reduce drasticall(a)y. * Due to the number of visitors decreased, those existing admans may withdraw their advertisement and switching to other company.As a result, they mazed valuable contracts/customers. * Baidus servingholders also may sell shoot their shargons in merchandise. As a result, the sh ar price dropped, this is also indicating that they lost unexclusive assurance. Question 2 What the future reputational damage affect and how could it be measured ? Answer * Damage everyday trust, number of viewer and user drop * Mostly for a company to gain trust and trust from the user of their product is not easy and busy time. * But, to damage it salutary take a short period of time. For example doing unethical doing in managing business operation. * Many new-sprung(prenominal)s and rumors spread in media some Baidu. om take hold received some payment from tainted draw producer for not advertise any intelligence agency about them. * No concrete evidence about the rumors, but could damage their reputation, human race trust and sureness of their source of information. * The number of viewer or user that use their anticipate engine that been lower after the spread of bad intelligence and rumors could be used to measure for the damage of public trust. * Investor not interested to invest, share price drop * The bad news and rumors about the unethical fill at law by this company triggered the public trust toward them * It make s many quite a little consider and alked about their action after the spread of issue regarding information hidden, indeed make many speculations towards this company. * Too much bad speculation been made toward their company impact to drop of share price. * We think that it would make investor or future investor exp adeptnt be not interested to invest in this company if the rumors are true due to the share price dropped continuously. * venture company profitability, low income from advertiser * When the trust or confidence from the user or bulk toward this Baidu. com has decreased, it means that the viewer or user their search engine also decreased. Thus, the better for advertiser to promote their product in the search engine which have more viewer compared to Baidu. com * Besides, we think that Baidu. com tycoon have to reduce the advertisement fee in order to draw out the advertiser use their search engine to promote products * Thus, impact from advertiser being changed to the other search engine or lower the advertising fee make the Baidu. com would faces low profitability and income. Question 3 What stairs could Baidu. com take to restore its reputation, and what challenges leave alone it have to overcome?There are 3 steps to restore the company reputation as below 1. Know The Truth * The Company provide first have to watch at themselves and seek the reality. * Is there any truth in what the people say about themselves? * Baidu. com will have to look at the rumor of how they were said to have genuine payments to withholding a companys information from online searches. 2. Take Action * Baidu. com might held a press host to admit its wrong doing and try to fix it from there. * Although there were many are perturb by the admittance, but they will be more upset if the Baidu. om have not admitted to their wrong doing. * Thats the matter related to trust and hunching that they will stand up for the mistake that have been made. 3. resolve the R umors * Baidu. com will have to overcome the rumor of how they were said to have accepted payments for withholding a companys information from on-line searches. * They will have to relegate all of their financial records. This is done in an stew to make the company financial activities as transparent as thinkable and display that they are confederate in their financial activities. This will aid the company in take the trust of the public and the public will ultimately trust the information that is contained on the search engine. The biggest challenge is regaining trust from the stakeholders, investors and then the consumers as the company bad reputation has make over a period of time. * Do not expect to suck up rid of it within a few hours or days. It will take time for people to remove the company old, bad image from their assessment and replace it with the new, pleasant one. * It is a matter of trust and knowing that one will stand up for the mistakes that have been made. T herefore the company ask to take social responsibility for the crisis. * There were innocent lives lost all because no one spoke up about the tainted product. * course there will be repercussions for all involved but consumers are forgiving if the situation is handled correctly. So, just keep on making efforts and soon, people will get used to the image of the new you. Question 4 political relations without the world have been slow to react publicly to thoughtful problems such(prenominal) as SARS, mad intimidate disease, and now melamine contamination. Who benefits and who loses because of these delays?Answer a) Benefits * Companies involved in related industry. * Governments slow reply gave opportunities for these companies to continue supply consumer with no quality product that bring harms to the consumer itself as long as the company gain benefit from it. * Eg Mad cow disease was cause through nutrient give to the overawe itself. Naturally, cows are supposed to eat grass . However, the ranchers try to cut costs by feeding these animals with dead animal. Besides, the ranchers feeding them with hormones and other chemical to fatten them up faster for marketing.In a nutshell, the ranchers along with other related parties are benefited through cost reduction as well as faster produce. * Government * Government itself gain benefit from their action. * One of the examples is from tourism industry. When the presidential term announces the serious problem face by the country, especially if it is health related, it might frighten the tourist to visit the country. Thus, it asshole affect income received by the country. * The government usually will try to protect their local market and local product.For instance, what happen in China when the news of contaminated milk spread is that it causes sales of dairy product to drop by 30-40%. * Government slow action has wedded them opportunity to search for proper event before expose it to the public. Aside from avoid panic among public, this action net also benefit them from loss of income and maintain countrys reputation. b) Loses * in the public eye(predicate) * Public were negatively affected from government slow action, especially when its involving humans life. * Eg The melamine-tainted milk powder was responsible for the deaths of four infants and the unsavoury of more than 6,200 more.If the public are aware of the situation, they wont corrupt the milk powder, thus merchant ship prevent loss of lives. * Also, it can cut publics finance when they spend their cash on the products that they cant even use. * Most importantly, public might lose trustingness on the government itself. Public rely on the information given by the government. If the government itself didnt disclose important information, from whom the public can depend on. * In addition, when the countries are facing serious problem such as diseases, the government need to diverge the limited public money to support m edical costs.It is burdensome since the public monies are use to light(a) up the mess done by irresponsible parties that only have view on profit only. * Pharmaceutical industry * It is not a one-day task in developing a new cure for new disease * The scientist needs to do research, identify the cause of disease, and find adapted chemical/element needed to produce the drugs. * When the government gave late promulgation to public, all scientists are not able to create new medicine and thus, bring loss to them in terms of profit. Question 5 In some gardenings, a purification of secrecy or manipulation of the news is tolerated more than others.How can this be remedied by other governments, corporations, investors and member of public? Answer * Governments * Government can design law to prevent this culture because it can affect public. * They can impose fine and penalization to those who are exercised the culture of secrecy. * The penalty imposed is a way to punish company and p eople who involve in this case. * It is as a warning to others firms so that they are not doing the same thing in the future. * The law and penalty should be imposed when there is evidence that the company is exercising this culture. * Corporations They should disclose all the information that concerns about public because public has the right to know what happen because it relate to them. * For example, corporations can disclose about their Corporate accessible Responsibility (CSR) in their website. They should include all information so that public didnt lost trust to them. * Investors * Investors can take action such as disapprove the unethical activities done by companies. * They have a great power towards companies because they are the shareholder. * Investors can sell their shares as a way to disapprove action taken by companies. If by victorious that action also cannot alert the company, they can be a whistle-blower by telling the authority about the company wrongdoing. * M ember of public * Member of public can prevent this culture by the change magnitude of press freedom. * They can work with press to make sure that news spread faster. But, immunity should be given for public interest divine revelation where the matters give serious harm to public. Before the immunity given, the news should be disclose to authorities both internally and externally and no action taken. Besides, public can complain to non-profit organization (NGO) or consumer association about companies wrongdoing. * Thus, when this action can be taken, companies may be thinking doubly before they hiding something from public and consequences that they are going to face in the future. References 1. Tainted- mishandle-Milk Scandal in China, Retrived marching 8, 2013 from http//www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1841535,00. hypertext mark-up language, 2. Tainted Baby Formula Scandal Blows Up in China, Retrieved butt on 9, 2013 from http//blog. foolsmountain. com/2008/09/12/tain ted-baby-formula-scandal-blows-up-in-china/ 3.Baidu Caught in Backlash Over Tainted Milk Powder Search locomotive Denies Screening Out News More Rivals Online, Retrieved marchland 9, 2013 from http//online. wsj. com/article/SB122176870268453547. html 4. The Google of China The Secret of Baidus Runaway Search Engine Success, Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,2111545,00. html 5. Lorraine Day, M. D. Mad Cow sickness What the Government didnt Telling You. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//www. drday. com/madcow. htm 6. 2008 Chinese Milk Scandal. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandalChinese_industry . Pharmaceutical Industry. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry 8. Tainted milk Unravelling Chinas melamine Scandal. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//thinkbusiness. nus. edu/articles/item/118-tainted-milk-unravelling-china%E2%80%99s-melamine-scandal 9. S torer, J. A chance to tackle the culture of secrecy in government. Retrieved March 12, 2013 from http//www. thepunch. com. au/articles/a-chance-to-tackle-the-culture-of-secrecy-in-government/ 10. 2008 Chinese milk scandal. Retrived March 12, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal

Iron Jawed Angels Toulmin

Of the many distinct qualities a person may hold, leading has become one of the immenseest. A leader is someone recognized because of their perennial courage, force-out, and passion as well as many other historied qualities. Grounds A leader is someone who stands out from the crowd and takes tear down to accomplish a task or finish. For example, in the movie, Iron Jawed Angels, Alice capital of Minnesota showed great leadership in her fight for womans voting. She not merely went a slayst the betting odds but she also took command by starting the WON, separating herself from NASA.Alice Paul showed strength and courage as she picketed in front of the White House as well as starving herself in prison, starting a hurt strike. Another prime example of leadership is Lucy Burns, who was a visionary that took feat in fighting for womans rights alongside Alice. After being thrown into a womans prison, Burns demands the warden respect their rights, only to be cuffed with her arms ab ove her cellular telephone door. Alice and Lucy served as examples for the others through their passion and conviction.The rebellious spirit of the two junior activists is in stark contrast to the ore conservative older women. They had no vote, no governmental clout, no equal rights. But what they lacked under the law they make up for with brains, determination and courage. Warrants After series of events that pushed the woman suffragists down, they came back harder and stronger with more(prenominal) force and even more determination. Their roles as leaders grew the more they struggled. The womans goal to earn their right to vote was a booking that challenged not only their inner capabilities but also the success of the WON.They were brave in transgress of danger, they showed wisdom in their political debates, and they gave hope to all women who were treated unequal. Their repute followed them as their responsibility as leaders and example to others grew. Backing During the c artridge clip of war, the women saw it as an opportunity to keep fighting for their rights. They would not permit their fight for suffrage fade as did during the Civil War. The women fought Woodrow Wilson to support the suffrage movement as well as fought Congress using the media to gain support.From hanging banners during ingressions meetings to marching the streets in Washington, Alice and Lucy held their heads high in spite of their oppressors. Their find grew as their fight for their rights became a national conflict sweeping crossways America. Emily Leighton became another powerful leader who was heavily work ond by the woman suffragists. From part fund the WON to walking out on her Democratic husband, Emily became a major figure in the suffragists movement as well as an inspiration to all ladies. Suffragists movement. Carrie Chapman Cast of the NASA was only a leader by title, to by her actions.She took a more passive approach to fighting for womans rights that favored a state-by-state approach rather than passing a constitutional amendment. Her differences with the jr. activists caused conflict with the NP by closing the D. C. Committee along with bursting charge of using party expenditures. Cast discouraged the younger activists ways of gaining political attention along with their separation of NASA into a new womans suffragists party. Her role as a leader was only a reflection of her power in NASA unlike the young activists who fought with earth.Qualifier Throughout history, leaders emerge when a battle is at hand. No one can proclaim himself or herself a leader. They are born into this world, with a purpose, and a cause. They show great qualities which gives others strength. They influence those around them and give hope when there is none to be found. A leader pass on march first into battle but will be the last one to leave. Their inspiration and courage motivates others to fight the familiar cause and to never give up. Alice Paul is one o f the many great leaders that will be recognized in history forever.

Principles of communication in adult social care setting Essay

Explain how chat affects relationships in an adult social c ar shot Relationships atomic number 18 important within a social c be backcloth as house physicians need to feel that are in an environment where they are able to communicate confidence to some(prenominal) ember of staff. conferences amid any staff are equally important due to changes to the unavoidably of certain residents in relations to their care and support they need to receive. Communication is withal utilize in informing doctors, social workers and other medical examination professions about changes with residents for example if Mr smith medication had been changed and he was reacting to it, we could ring the doctors for booster and advice for the best solution to help Mr Smith. . Understand how to have-to doe with communication and expression needs, wishes and preferences of an undivided . 1 Compare ways to draw the communication and language needs, wishes and preference of an singular There are di stinguishable ways to establish communication with an idiosyncratic by using communicative or non-verbal communication for example non-verbal communication such as augury language as deal who are hard of auditory modality whitethorn be reassured by the use of sign.Interpreters provide be used to help language barriers by ensuring all care and wishes are creation protected such as religious rules and preferences. Together with this your body language is equally important as the way e present ourselves to throng stooge gravel the tone of the conversation we are about to have. oral communication can also be used to ensure all needs, wishes and conversation with the resident. 2. Describe the factors to consider when promoting effective communication There are loads of polar factors to consider when promoting effective communication, such as the hearing ability of the person in which you are talking to, the sight as many people follow your mouth while they are being spoke to if they are hard of hearing, the tone of your vox help let off the reason for the conversation. Speaking on the analogous level to help the resident from feeling intimidated.The environment is also a massive contributor in helping promote effective communication such as family and friends, or even what you hear on the radio or see on the television this can help by Just hearing souls voice or seeing things on the television you whitethorn feel that you are not alone and can comfort entrance hall that may like to spend time within their own space, it can also help by following story lines within parliamentary procedure 2. 3 Describe a range of communication methods and styles to meet individual needs.Different communication styles and methods while ensuring you meet the needs of an individual can be meet in different ways such as looking into someones eyes helps to establish at that place liquid body substance and feeling by the way they are looking to what youre saying, ther e face can help explain how they are understanding what you are saying to them and can also indicate if they are in any pain or discomfort, tone of voice can also set the tone for the conversation weather it is in glob or a formal conversation.Touch can also help to meet the needs of the individual as though touching someone ou can send different vibes such as care, affection, reassurance or even power all over them. Body language is a other way to communicate to help meet the needs of an individual by sitting on the same level as someone you can make the situation more(prenominal) relaxed than standing tall over them which could make them feel intimidated.Research has shown that people pay more attention to facial expressions and tone of voice than utter words, also behaviour is also an important as you must adore the individual no matter what day you are having you must believe that you need to emain professional. You can also communicate using verbal communication such as di fferent styles of vocabulary, pitch and even the pitch of you voice while speaking to an individual. 2. Explain why it is important to respond to an individuals reaction when communicating It is important to respond to an individuals reactions while communicating with them as they may become scared, worried or even not understand what is been asked or said to them. They may also need to be comforted understand what is been asked or said, you can do this by nodding your head, aking eye contact or even repeating what has been said in the conversation. 3. Understand how to overcome barriers to communication

To Kill a Mockingbird Theme Essay

Courage is shown within the characters of To Kill A Mockingbird in several situations. The characters are ch all in allenged to face danger or pain with come in fear. The boldness they display gives them strength and deepens their self-understanding as the novel progresses. earlier in the novel, sentinel illustrates the bravery she demonstrates. On her first day of school, outlook acts as an advocate for the entire class. She takes the duty of informing Miss. Caroline of Walter Cunninghams situation. Miss. Caroline had just sc antiquateded Scout for her ability to read, however, Scout still feels the classes need for leadership.Most children at her age would fear speaking to the teacher is such a sturdy fashion. Walter Cunningham, himself, was shy and fearful of speaking to the teacher. Scout overcame the fears that haunted the remainder of the class, and acted out of Walters best interest. Her courage spoke in Walters absence, and inability to express his situation. A honest representation of courage is seen within genus Atticus. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus speaks of the Tom Robinson trial as a trial all lawyers fear. He must face a court case that go forth have a deep in-person effect upon himself and his family.Atticus calls the courage to spy that there is a need for justice, and that it is his duty to achieve this. Maycomb is a township corrupted with stereotypes and racism. Atticus has the courage to overcome the fear of other peoples dislikes. He must face the fear of weakening the lives of his two young children and family name. The courage Atticus shows comes from his pleasing character. Atticus is devoted and unable to turn his covert on those who truly rely upon his ability to show empathy. He overcomes the stonyhearted comments of those around them, to see the necessity of his involvement.Courage within Atticus is not solely in his professional life, but also shown in his family life. It is hard for Atticus to raise his c hildren without a wife, and to face the constant family ridicule. At one point, I was convinced Atticus had lost his courage, and had broken down to Aunt Alexandras opinions. However, as the scene progresses, I saw the courage of Atticus and his decision to string the false statements made to his children. A single father, he does not wager to others to gather his parenting skills. Atticus has the courage to do what is morally right, and to allow Scout and Jem to be themselves.The largest example of courage is displayed within the life of Mrs. Dubose. She was a sick, old woman, waiting for death . However, she had one more goal to achieve ahead her life came to an end. She wished to free herself of a morphine addiction. Mrs. Dubose displayed courage in a situation where most people would just surrender to the drug. She was also courageous in the secrecy in how she covered up her addiction in. No one was aware that the drug caused her to be mean. She chose not to burden anyone wit h her problems. Mrs.Dubose did not fear death, but challenged death through her perseverance to leave this founding free of addiction. It was only after Mrs. Duboses passing did the people she affected mystify aware of her courage. She surprised those around her, who found it far too docile to pass her off as a sick, old lady. She remained strong in spirit and belief. Throughout the novel, Atticus defines courage as instead of acquiring the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. Its when you know youre licked before you begin but you begin besides and you see it through no matter what. You rarely win, but sometimes you do. (112).Within all the examples of courage there is not a situation when the courage did not stem from a need within the character. Courage is the inner desire to succeed and to do what is righteous, no matter what humiliation or consequences that haunt you because of your decision. Scout, Atticus, and Mrs. Dubose understood the risks they faced, but continued with their actions because it was moral. They didnt all enter their personal situation expecting to win. Scout still faced further scolding from Miss. Caroline. on that point were winners and losers but they do not regret the courage they showed for the sake of good intentions.

A Description of the PDA Psychometric Test

What is the organiser Psychometric Test? PDA is a psychometric strain that through a simple, precise and scientific method allows us to discover and analyze peoples behavioral profiles. It also allows us to evaluate the behavioral requirements of a note and cave in detailed compatibilities that apply to the different Human Resources procedurees. The PDA strain does not qualify behavioral profiles as good or bad it describes the evaluated individualists behavioral characteristics. In the case of generating a study of compatibilities in the midst of a person and a job description, it simply describes and provides details on the strengths and weaknesses.Back to carte Who uses the PDA test? This psychometric evaluation pot be beneficial to * People in order to understand their strengths and weaknesses to carry a better job, to become better at their current job, to alter their kind with colleagues, superiors and or/collaborators. * Entities to identify, develop and/or reta in talent. This tool is utilize by most of the leading companies ranked on Great speckle to Work. * HR consulting entities Incorporate a new product into your portfolio, add nurse to your services, and generate consulting projects based on the psychometric behavioral test.Back to poster What information does the PDA provide? Through the PDA psychometric test ou force out quickly go online to obtain * A persons behavioral profile description, detailing (press here to see an example) o leaders style o Decision-making style o How to lead this person to advantage o Persuasive skills o Analytical skills o Sales skills o Motivation level o Main skills and strengths o Areas of improvement * soulfulness and / or group compatibility between one or more individuals and a job. Individual and or group compatibility between one or more individuals and your companys competences. Back to Menu How does the PDA Report brook to the professional growth and development of an individual? The g et along PDA brood will jock you to acknowledge yourself better and to identify what ar your principal(prenominal) strengths and weaknesses. At the same time, itll allow you to objectively identify the skills you need to increase your potential. If you are currently interviewing or looking for a better job, the complete PDA report will help you to Research strategically interrogate successfully Emphasize skills and strengths Feel confident Find a job that matches your natural characteristics other benefits From all the possible knowledge, the wiser and more useful is to know yourself William Shakespeare. If you are currently working, the complete PDA report will help you to Understand and improve your leadership skills Effectively develop your skills and strengths Improve your relationship with your colleagues Plan self-improvement Understand difficulties with team members among many other benefits The report to negotiate with others effectively is to manage you firstborn. The better you know yourself, the better you can relate to others, from a confident, secure and strong position Hendrie Weisinger. Back to Menu Does the PDA have theoretical support? The PDA test is a powerful tool with more than 50 years of studies based on different theories and statistics. It is certified for its application in Latin America. The PDA test is based on a set with 5 pillars that measure the pursual dimensions and their intensities Results oriented People and negotiation oriented Details oriented union to Rules Autocontrole emocional The PDA test is based on the following theories 1) William Moulton Marstons spirit structure 2) Self consistency theory 3) Perception Theory 4) semantic Study Back to Menu Similarities and differences with DiSC Many evaluation tools are based on the concepts of Emotions of Normal People developed by Marston. These tools were created with strain on the advantages and benefits that such methods contributed to the mil itary and working environment. The first generated tools were called utter(a) (PDA).From its first applications the tool manifested its enormous contribution due to the quantity and choice of information. However, the fulfill was extremely slow and complex. It would take 2 hours from the moment the individual entire the evaluation until the analyst was able to produce the results. In the late 60s, Dr John Greier, from University of Minnesota, modified Marstons model with the intention to simplify the process and that was the beginning of what we know today as DISC- Which is nothing more than a simplification of Marstons model.Greiers simplified version changed the original questionnaire and horizontal though the process took less time to interpret the result, much of the precious information was lost. Some of the key information missing from Greiers model is Intensity Axis Measures the effectiveness of each behavioral tendency. Profile intensity Measures how faithful the ev aluated person is to his or her behavior. It assesses the flexibility/rigidity level of the person evaluated. Energy level Measures the level of energy available. Provides better understanding of the need and stress level. Consistency indicatorMeasures the informations consistency and quality level. Self control Axis the 5th axis measures the individuals capacity to control impulses and emotions, related to Emotional Intelligence. Already in the 90s, with the fortuity of every Human Resources employee having their own computer, internet connection, and the possibility to systemize the process of loading the forms and automatically issuing graphs and reports, resurfaced the many benefits that the pure tools offered to companies over the simplifications provided by the DiSC model..

Healthcare Finance in The United States of America

In United States the Congress had passed the Medic be Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 or MMA and with this imposed a stoppage for 18 months on the starting of in the raw physician owned specialization hospitals. At the kindred time, they also valued to know the position regarding certain matters of physician owned shopping center, orthopedic and working(a) rarity hospitals by means of MedPAC. The police squad visited sites, made legal analysis and met the conduct owners in these hospitals and fin exclusivelyy presented a report to the Congress. It had also gone through the cost reports received from Medicargon and inpatient claims of 2002, which was the most recent at that time. This impart naturally form the basis of such hospitals being permitted or not. (Physician-owned strength hospitals)The findings of this committee showed that-Physician owned hospitals generally treated patients who had less intemperate problems and concentrated on specific diagnosis related groups and the source for slightly(prenominal) of this was that these were expected to be more profitable than former(a) patients.These hospitals do not treat as many Medicaid patients as residential district hospitals.Regarding the costs of patients in these hospitals for the patients, the Medic atomic number 18 patients did not get benefits of lower costs though the inpatients had shorter periods of stay. in that location was no appreciable impact of physician owned specialty hospitals on the society hospitals as seen in 2002, and there was also no impact on the financial performance of the community hospitals.Most of the differences in profitability groundwork be rectified by improving the prospective patient brass for inpatients that ar made by Medicargon. olibanum according to the findings there are not major differences betwixt the community hospitals and physician owned specialty hospitals in terms of costs or capability for operate. (Phy sician-owned specialty hospitals)Differences among types of hospitalsWe shall progress comparison of the hospitals in India and USA. In India, apart from the government hospitals, there are a number of titanic hospitals hang on by trusts or large corporations. In the city of Bombay or Mumbai, the hospitals named Jaslok or Hinduja are run by trusts and Wockhardt substance Hospital is run by a major pharmaceutic company. Even when the hospital has been promoted by a physician, still the hospital is run like a corporation as is seen in the case of Apollo Hospitals.There is now a new hospital named as Asian warmheartedness Hospital in Bombay which has been promoted by a physician team and they concord got a large situation in the hospital. The team of physician is lead by one Mr. Panda who is now the CEO of the hospital. These physicians take a leak all invested their own funds, and to get more funds, they have even asked for more contri exceptions from other physicians who ar e now not resident in India. The hospital is the endpoint of a plan by these physicians in 1993-94. The hospital took about 10 years to complete. Thus one should realize that a hospital takes a long time to take shape up. (Doctors in arms)The biggest problems in the wariness of hospitals come from physicians and renowned physicians are sought for empanelment by hospitals. The physicians then continually force the hospitals to upgrade their infrastructure and also charge heavy fees from the patients. At the end of the services by the physicians, it is they who get the biggest returns. It is also difficult to protect the physicians as they leave at the earliest opportunity, and this statement is from one of the promoters of the hospital, GW Capital. They are now investing money in the concept of physician managed mystical hospitals. This resulted in its investment of Rs 150 million or about 3 million dollars in buying a 26 portion stake in another hospital group in Hyderabad, in 2000 called the palm Group.That group has expanded very fast and now has over a 1000 beds in its operations in six centers. (Doctors in arms) Thus the costs of the hospitals will require about 12 million dollars for a 1000 bed operation. At the same time, not all hospitals are made with money in mind and there are hospitals in Chennai or Madras in India which have 150 physicians, 500 nurses and 371 Para-medical staff. The entire team works within a budget of Rs 120 million or 2.4 million dollars. (Healing Ministry of the Madras Diocesan health check Board) This hospital is run by a religious mission and its objective is to provide service to the people and this hospital does not want to make money, but run at afford even costs.In United States, during 2002 there were 48 hospitals found to be physician owned hospitals. Of them 12 were heart hospitals, 25 were orthopedic hospitals and 11 were surgical hospitals. These hospitals are generally very small with average capacities of o rthopedic hospitals being 16 beds, the surgical specialty hospitals being 14 beds and heart hospitals are the largest with average capacity being 52 beds. The general conditions of these hospitals are not full fledged as they do not have destiny departments, whereas 93 percent of the community hospitals have emergency departments. The reason for existence of these hospitals is the physician control over the hospitals. (Physician-owned specialty hospitals) At the same time, one of these hospitals has been named as one of countrys top 100 heart hospitals. (Parkwest Medical Center)Financial position of private hospitalsAccording to available reports, the private hospitals are in a position to take on patients who are overt of paying for them, and not take on patients who have to depend on managed care organizations. This increases the incomes of the hospitals by 20 to 50 percent. This reduces the cost of a swing surgery at one of the hospitals in India, Care to about Rs 80,000 or $1 ,700. The cost in India is higher by about 30 to 40 percent in corporate hospitals.Even the new hospital, Asian Heart has predicted a cash break even during the endorse year of operations, and by the end of the second year it expects to pay a 15 percent dividend to the investor. Thus on an investment of $50 million, the returns would be $7.5 million from the second year. (Doctors in arms) The position in United States is the same, and in spite of more or less private specialty hospitals not having made any distributions to stockholders, the study showed that the boundary line in these hospitals was about 13 percent in 2002 as compared to 3 to 6 percent that was seen for community hospitals. (Physician-owned specialty hospitals)The advantages of physician owned specialty hospitalsTo find this aspect out, there were discussions with the physicians who were investing in these hospitals. The cardiologists and surgeons want to support their patients, perform the required procedures a nd have the patients recover with minimum disturbance. They believe that community hospitals cannot match their services as those hospitals have a variety of services and missions that they have to undertake.The direct control by the physicians help to increase productiveness through less disturbances to the schedules in run room which come from the emergency cases that come about, decreasing the down time between operations between two different surgeries and this is due to cleaning the operating room more efficiently, increased ability to work between two operating cortege even when the operating rooms are blocked due to some other work and better efficiencies through direct control of operating room staff.As mentioned earlier, they also like to form specialty hospitals as they have increases in income. There is some increase due to productivity, but they are able to collect a share of the profits from the deftness for themselves and other associated physicians. They concentrat e on providing services that are profitable, on treating patients who are less sick and thus more profitable. (Physician-owned specialty hospitals) Even in India the same situation exists and most of the physicians who have now started developing hospitals have been working together earlier, and one of the main aims is to remove the pressure from managed health care systems that they have to face otherwise.There is now a intelligible change in the formation of hospitals and new hospitals are being form by physicians. The total costs have been discussed to some extent, but without the connection of physicians, the hospitals are unlikely to be successful.

The Problem And Proposed Solutions

The Digital Divide debate encompasses troubles that ar of accessible, economic and semipolitical import. Meaning to say, the places regarding the digital sort out, as a phenomenon and as a flowing concern that demand to be intercommunicate, is non merely limited to the consequent of the existing disparity in terms of access to engineering science which transverses contrastive sectors of gild. This paper attempts to explicate the digital apportion, the debate and the foundational fill outs concerning the phenomenon/problem.In line with the master(prenominal) toil of this paper is the identification of the both nearly important obstacles that need to be overcome and the two important things that the government involve to create in dealing with the digital furcate. In meeting the demands of a global economy, expert advancements especially in the field of telecommunications and information technology be mention factors in making executable various transactions faster, cheaper, more authentic and convenient. Needless to say, these technological advances are important overlyls if companies and other business ventures are to survive in the digital economy.These technological advancements however, are evolving far too fast which consequently generate pressing problems that ought to be considered. On a preliminary none, the aforementioned rapid technological evolution poses serious questions if our hearty structures can rapidly adjust to these changes and more importantly, if we, ourselves can rapidly adapt and be able to desegregate for ourselves these changes. A good example is the net income and the online community and it is to this topic that we shall now turn.A fuller understanding of the digital sort phenomenon necessitates an understanding of its underpinnings. As Pippa Norris contends, the digital divide is understood as a multidimensional phenomenon encompassing three distinct aspects (Norris). These three distinct aspects fit to Norris are the global divide, social divide and democratic divide, respectively. Norris elucidates further, The global divide refers to divergence of meshwork access between industrialized and developing societies.The social divide concerns the gap between the information rich and poor in each nation. And lastly, within the online community, the democratic divide signifies the difference between those who do, and do non, use the panoply of digital resources to engage, mobilize and participate in public liveliness (Norris). One may thus infer that these three aspects related to the issue of access to the Internet involve not mere social, but in addition economic and political considerations.In an article entitled, What is the Digital Divide, Harouna Ba makes a homogeneous plosive as Norris. Ba writes, privation of access to networked technology leave behind result in a substantial segment of society having neither the skills nor the means to participate in the progre ssively more knowledge-based U. S. economy (Ba). As Ba contends, there is a felt need to address the issue of access along with the social, economic and political considerations that it entails. At this point, the emphasis is on what Norris calls disadvantage communities.As mentioned earlier, these communities lack not merely access but to a fault and more importantly, the necessary skills and the means to participate in the digital world. Ba identifies a number of obstacles in dealing with the digital divide phenomenon/problem. But, as I reckon it, in relation to the issue of access, the two most important obstacles in dealing with the digital divide are the issues of the discriminate communities not having the skills that are necessary and their lack of the means that are necessary.These two are barriers to technological access. One may thus infer that the issue of access only becomes a legitimate issue because of these two obstacles. Again, it is not merely a numerate of provi ding the communities with a greater access to computers and the Internet by lowering the cost of the hardware and software program that hardware and software companies manufacture and sell in the market nor is it merely a matter of increasing the ratio of computers to students in our schools and other institutions of learning.This issue not drub the digital divide. The solution to the problem lies on our capability to the address the ineluctably of the disadvantaged communities. There is a need for intervention, so to speak. The government has a significant role in addressing these needs. However, the governments intervention will not suffice. There is a need for a multi-sectoral cooperation in addressing the needs of disadvantaged communities. A crucial question comes into the scenario. What needs to be do?As Ba sees it, what is needed is to develop community-based technology programs that will obligate the needs of disadvantaged communities. Ba writes, Community technology access models are often grounded on community needs and encompass multiple goals to uphold neighborhoods, educate spring chicken, promote economic development, connect individuals to the social and economic life history of the community, and increase participation in civil society (Ba). It is of utmost wideness that we first assess the needs of the community so that we may provide the appropriate solutions.Furthermore, it is important that technology programs be based on the needs of disadvantaged communities so that these communities themselves may deplete the opportunity to identify and thereby, integrate what the vital functions of technology are to them and the opportunities that it can provide for them. Such an integrating entails that a disadvantaged community sees the relevance of technology in their lives. It may thus be inferred that for Ba, the digital divide may be addressed by people empowerment.Our concerted efforts must be directed to empowering the disadvantaged sectors of society. How can this be done? People empowerment is made possible through community education. As Ba contends, there is a rotary of work to be done especially in the areas of learning and statement with and/or about advanced technologies in informal settings for under-served communities (Ba). This is one of the main reason why government initiatives and interventions in the past only had a limited success in dealing with the digital divide phenomenon.There thence are initiatives and interventions but they do not address the problem. They miss the point, so to speak. As Ba notes, state governments attempt to address the digital divide via two government agencies the Public Utility Commission (PUC) and the Department of Education. The PUC by appealing to telecommunication companies and the likes for universal service and the Department of Education by making provisions for computers in school for those students that do not have access to a computer and the Internet at home.These attempts miss the point because they have been made on the unfounded assumption that the digital divide issue is merely an issue of access and thus, can be single-minded by making computers and the Internet more accessible to individuals. But what can these initiatives and interventions accomplish if in the first place, the problem is that individuals from disadvantaged sectors of society lack the necessary skills and the means to be able to access and thereby, utilize technology? The plain truth of the matter is that technology evolves much faster than society can adapt to it.Furthermore, why limit the provisions with the students? Why not youth in general? Why exclude out-of-school youth? This merely shows that the limited success of state initiatives and interventions may be explained by the fact that their assumption is unfounded and that their digital divide programs are not grounded on community needs and thus, ineffective. The digital divide phenomenon/problem is not merely a problem of access. The preceding discussion makes it clear that it is not a mere matter of identifying the have from the have not.Even this singularity is grounded on further distinctions in terms of the social, economic and the political. These further distinctions albeit antithetical from each other, are very closely interrelated that they all fix changes in the others. Human society is complex. It is not simply a social ashes. It is also a political system and every political system is also an economic system. The human mind too is complex. There are countless possibilities in terms of scientific and technological advancements. Science and technology evolves too fast.In contrast to science and technology, our societal structures and institutions do not. They do not because there are many other significant things to consider. Perhaps, this is the predicament of our time. whole kit and caboodle Cited Ba, Harouna. What Is Digital Divide. August 20 2007. <http//tc la. gseis. ucla. edu/divide/politics/ba. hypertext mark-up language>. Norris, Pippa. Digital Divide Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide (Communication, parliamentary law and Politics). Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2001.